幼儿看图叙述中心理状态术语的使用与错误信念理解关系的短期跟踪研究  

The Relation Between Flase-Belief Understanding and the Using of Mental State Terms during Picture Talking for Preschoolers:A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

作　　者：张长英[1,2] 桑标[1] 戴玉英[2] 刘蓓 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062 [2]江苏技术师范学院教育学院,常州213001 [3]常州市爱儿坊幼儿园,常州213001

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第4期875-881,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(09SJDXLX001)的资助

摘　　要：为探明汉语儿童看图叙述中心理状态术语的应用及与错误信念理解能力的关系,并考察二者相互作用的方向,本研究以101名3-5岁儿童为研究对象,纵向探查了前后相隔3个月的儿童看图叙述中心理状态术语使用情况和错误信念能力的发展状况,并从横向和纵向两个时间点分别探讨了心理状态术语的运用与错误信念理解的关系。结果表明:3-5岁儿童错误信念理解能力快速发展;儿童看图叙述中使用较多的愿望术语和情绪术语,信念术语应用相对较少,且认知词汇类型较少,其中"想"和"要"所占比例最大。控制了一般语言能力和年龄之后,仅在第一次测验上,情绪术语、信念术语仍然与同期及后期错误信念理解能力存在显著相关,而第一次错误信念理解与第二次心理状态术语的应用并不存在显著相关。Numerous studies have shown that not only is children＇s language ability related to false-belief understanding,but also it appears to play an important role in the development of theory of mind（ToM）.However,it remained unclear which aspect of language development contributes most to the development of ToM.Many researchers such as Moore et al.（1994） and de Matsui et al.（2006） argued that the mental state language of particular languages might be related to children＇s theory of mind development. This study explored the relationship between preschoolers＇ false-belief understanding and the using of mental state terms within a storytelling task.With 101 children aged 3-5 in the kindergarten as subjects,the study adopted a short-term longitudinal design that was administered twice at three-month intervals,so that children＇s mental slate discourse at both Time 1 and Time 2 could be related to falsebelief, which was assessed at Time 2.This study was designed to examine children＇s mental state discourse within a storytelling task,in which children were asked to generate responses to a series of photographs,and assess the relationship between false-belief understanding and the using of mental state terms with a set of false belief tasks,including unexpected transfer,unexpected content and appearance -reality task.The results showed that false-belief understanding and the using of mental state terms were very close to each other. During picture talking,the preschoolers used more desire and emotional terms than belief terms,and vocabulary types of the cognitive terms were less,mainly ＇yao4＇ and ＇xiang3＇.Furthermore,with the general language ability and age under control,the first test still showed a remarkable correlation between children＇ emotional terms,belief terms and false-belief understanding in the same and even later period.But there was no evident correlation between the false belief task performance at Time1 and the mental state language at Time2. The results of this short-term longi

关 键 词：心理状态术语 错误信念 信念术语 情绪术语 愿望术语 认知术语 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]