奖励对创造力的影响及其机制  

The Influence of Rewards on Creativity and Its Mechanisms

作　　者：徐希铮[1] 张景焕[1] 刘桂荣[1] 李鹰[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院 [2]山东师范大学教育学院,济南250014

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2012年第9期1419-1425,共7页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(11JZD040);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(12YJA190024;10YJA880067);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2009DM023);"发展与教育心理学"山东省十二五特色重点学科建设项目

摘　　要：在奖励对创造力的影响的问题上,相关研究一直存在很大争议。在系统分析以往研究的基础上,认为奖励既可以促进创造力也可以阻碍创造力,这取决于对奖励的界定及对创造力的理解,也受个体差异和外部环境因素的影响。在作用途径上,奖励可以通过动机或认知因素以及它们的综合作用对创造力产生影响。研究在此基础上构建出一个综合了奖励和创造力及其影响因素的模型。The effect of rewards on creativity has always been one of the most controversial issues in creativity research concerns. By reviewing the foregoing studies, we concluded that rewards can either facilitate or hinder creativity, which may depend on nature of rewards and the conception of creativity held by the researchers, individual differences and external environments. We also suggested that rewards may influence creativity through motivation, cognition as well as their synthetic functions. Based on the analysis above, we proposed an integrative model which explained the influence of reward on creativity in detail. The theoretical and practical implications of this model were discussed.

关 键 词：奖励 创造力 个体差异 环境因素 动机 认知 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] B842[哲学宗教—心理学]