高中课程与高考改革何去何从:文理分合抑或专业分化?  

Future Trends of High School Courses and College Entrance Examination Reform:Non-Streaming,Dual-Streaming or Multi-Streaming?

作　　者：冯生尧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学课程与教学研究所 [2]华南师范大学教育科学学院,教授广州510631

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2012年第20期29-36,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社科华东师大重点研究基地"十二五"规划2011年度重大项目"普通高中课程多样化国际比较研究"(11JJD880007);全国教育科学"十一五"规划2010年度教育部重点课题"杰出人才培养取向下高中专业分化选修制度比较研究"(DDA100216)的部分成果

摘　　要：2009年开始的文理分科大讨论,从人数、国家文件的表述和政策来看,分合的观点占据了主流。《国家中长期教育规划纲要(2010-2020年)》突出了综合素质的重要性。各地的高考改革则以文理分科为主流。两派观点,存在着理论基础不够牢固、世界趋势把握不准、本土创新明显不足、选拔和培养人才不够多样等等问题。高中新课程改革隐含了专业分化的思想,也有学者开始提出专业分化的观点。笔者从新课程改革中获得启发,继而发现香港、台湾、美国、英国均实行了专业分化的高中课程或高考体制,并对专业分化的必要性、内涵和外延及其与文理分合的辩证关系进行了系统的理论阐述。中国高中课程和高考改革今后应采纳中高基础、高校自主多类型专业分化的体系,并建立和完善各项配套措施。From 2009, in the great debate about high school curriculum system, viewpoints of Non-Streaming, or Dual-Streaming of arts and science courses became dominant. The National Outline for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development （2010-2020） pay emphasis on nurturing and examining the comprehensive abilities of students. College entrance examination reforms highlights the importance of dual-streaming. Those viewpoints lack solid theoretical foundation, worldwide recognition, indigenous innovation, and are not conducive to the selection and training of all kinds of talent. The new high school curriculum reform and some scholars have begun to form the idea of specialization. Inspired by the new curriculum reform, the author found Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States, and the United Kingdom all implemented specialized system of the high school courses or college entrance examination, and elaborated systematically its necessity, defined its conception, and the dialectical relationship among non-streaming, dual-streaming and multi-streaming. We should adopt medium-high commom basis and multi-streaming specialized system, and establish and improve various supporting measures.

关 键 词：专业分化 文理分科 文理合科 高中课程 高考 多样化 

分 类 号：G632.3[文化科学—教育学]