工作记忆负荷对无意注意的影响  

The Effect of Working Memory Load on Involuntary Attention

作　　者：王婷[1,2] 胡媛艳[1,2] 何华敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆文理学院教育学院,重庆402160 [2]重庆文理学院中央与地方共建认知与心理健康实验室,重庆402160

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第5期1060-1064,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170984);国家自然科学基金青年项目(30900399);重庆文理学院校内科研项目(Y2010JK30)的资助

摘　　要：通过探讨工作记忆负荷对无意注意的影响,考察工作记忆的认知控制功能对选择性注意的作用机制。为了避免工作记忆和选择性注意的目标或者干扰子之间的知觉注意资源的竞争,采用言语工作记忆任务和视觉空间位置辨别任务,同时视觉干扰刺激采用被试无法识别的韩语。结果发现,在高负荷条件下,干扰效应显著;而在低和中负荷条件下,没有观察到干扰效应。说明在高负荷条件下,被试没有额外的资源来抑制干扰加工,从而出现了显著的干扰效应。由此,本研究支持负荷理论的观点:工作记忆在选择性注意中执行认知控制功能。Many studies addressed the interaction between the working memory （WM） and selective attention. However, these studies mostly are concerned with the voluntary or endogenous mechanisms of selective attention, and little is known about the relationship be- tween WM and involuntary attention. Moreover, by investigating the relationship between WM and involuntary attention, we can get a deeper understanding of the cognitive control mechanism of WM. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine how WM impacts invol- untary attention by manipulating the WM load. Meanwhile, in order to examine the load theory of selective attention, we adopted verbal WM task and spatial position discrimination task to avoid the competition of perceptual attentional resource between WM and selective attention. The spatial position discrimination task required participants to discriminate the position （left vs. right） of a dot presented in a square. In half of these trials, visual distraction produced by a ＂ pop-out＂ red Korean presented from one of the four sides of the square. In the verbal WM task, a numeric string of 3-digits, 5-digits or 7-digits （ low, middle and high WM load conditions, respec- tively） was presented in a random order, and the participants had to remember the order for report at the end of each trial. Participants made significantly more recall errors in the high and middle WM load conditions than in the low WM load condition, demonstrating that the verbal WM load manipulation was effective. Repeated-measures analyses of variance （ANOVA） for mean RTs of spatial position discrimination task showed that distraction effect was influenced by WM load： the distraction effect was significant in the high WM load condition; however, it was not significant in the low and middle WM load conditions. This indicated that the cognitive control resources were consumed by high load on WM and resulted in a failure of suppression of distraction. So the distraction effect was significant. How- ever, in the low and

关 键 词：工作记忆(working MEMORY WM) 负荷理论 无意注意 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]