日语核心内嵌句式的成因及其在主宾语位置上分布的不对称性——以トコロ小句为对象  

The internally headed clause in Japanese and its asymmetric distribution in subject and object positions:A study of the“tokoro”clause

作　　者：陈燕青[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2012年第6期835-844,959-960,共10页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：陈燕青主持的2011年北京外国语大学校级科研项目"日语格成分的语法化研究"(2011XX004)的阶段性成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：核心内嵌指核心名词位于关系从句内部的现象。本文以日语的トコロ小句为对象,分析了核心内嵌句式形成的原因,认为名词トコロ的场面状况义决定了其具有构成核心内嵌句式的可能性。当场面状况义的トコロ满足以下条件时,可以构成核心内嵌句式:VP1具有[-恒常性],VP2是具有[+影响性][-命题][+实体]的外在运动动词。核心内嵌现象在トコロ小句的主宾语成分中呈现出不对称性,这与主宾语成分是否为影响的接受方有关:トコロヲ小句作为宾语成分通常是影响的接受方,容易激活事态中的参与个体,从而构成核心内嵌句式;トコロガ小句作为主语成分通常是影响的施加方,与核心内嵌句式的激活条件矛盾,故难以构成核心内嵌句式。Internal-headedness is a construction in which the head noun lies inside a relative clause.This paper probes into the cause of this phenomenon with special reference to the Japanese'tokoro' clause.The author demonstrates that it is the scene-situation meaning of the noun'tokoro'that enables the formation of the internally headed clause.An internally headed clause can be formed when the scene-situation meaning of'tokoro'satisfies two conditions:(1)VP1is'inconstant'and(2) the verb of VP2is'influential','non-propositonal'and'tangible'.The internally headed construction displays asymmetric distribution in object and subject positions.As an object,the'tokoro-o' clause usually represents the recipient of influence,therefore the participant in the scene situation can be easily activated,and the internally headed clause formed.In the subject position,a'tokoro-ga' clause is usually the provider of influence,which goes against the activating condition of internallyheaded clause,hence the difficulty of forming this construction.

关 键 词：宾语位置 对称性 句式 小句 日语 成因 文献标识码 中图分类号 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]