牛粪自然好氧发酵微生物变化规律  

Natural aerobic fermentation microorganism change regularity in cow dung

作　　者：方华舟[1] 安冬梅[1] 王培清[1] 左雪枝[1] 易庆平[1] 孙爱红[1] 齐莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]荆楚理工学院生物工程学院,荆门448000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2013年第1期333-339,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2010-97-299)

摘　　要：以新鲜牛粪进行好氧堆肥,每间隔3 d取样,以牛肉蛋白胨、高氏一号、PDA、豆芽汁为培养基,以稀释法,进行发酵微生物分离、培养、计数和鉴定。结果表明,新鲜牛粪中微生物主要为细菌;发酵过程中,细菌数量大于放线菌、霉菌约104～105倍,细菌是发酵过程中的优势微生物;中温性细菌是升温阶段主要作用菌群;嗜热放线菌及嗜热细菌是高温阶段优势菌群;霉菌是降温阶段优势菌群。进一步鉴定表明,细菌类群中的芽孢杆菌、纤维单胞菌,放线菌类群中的小多孢菌、小单孢菌、高温放线菌,霉菌类群中的木霉、曲霉、青霉等为发酵过程中的优势种类。酵母菌未参与发酵过程。We took fresh cow dungs as aerobic compost,and took samples at intervals of 3 d, which were cultivated in such culture mediums as beef cream-peptone, Gause!, PDA and bean routs. By dilution, the fer- menting microorganism separation, cultivation, counting and verification were carried out. The results showed that the dominant genera microflora in the fresh cow dungs were bacteria. During the course of fermentation, the number of bacteria were 104 ~ 105 times larger than that of actinomycetes and molds. And the bacteria were the dominant microbe in this course. In heating stage, the mesophilic bacterium was the main flora, and thermoacti- nomyces and thermophile were the main flora in high temperature stage. Mold was the dominant bacterium group in low temperature stage. Further verification indicates that bacillus and cellulomonas in bacterium flora, mi- cropolyspora, micromonospora and thermoactinomyces in ray fungi, trichoderma, koji mold and blue mould in mildew were dominant flora during the course of fermentation. Yeast did not participate in the fermentation process.

关 键 词：牛粪 好氧堆肥 细菌 放线菌 霉菌 种类 数量 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X713