高速列车车体端部吸能结构研究  

Research on Energy-absorbing Structures for Two Ends of High-speed Train Car Body

作　　者：张志新[1,2] 田爱琴[3] 车全伟[3] 肖守讷[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司,江苏常州213011 [3]南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司技术中心,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《机车电传动》2013年第1期43-47,共5页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(SWJTU09ZT23);四川省科技项目(2011JY0029);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAG12A04-A11)

摘　　要：针对高速列车速度高、动能大的特点,设计了车体被动安全防护的特殊端部吸能结构,并通过非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA,研究高速列车头车司机室端两级吸能装置以及车体尾端弱刚度结构的耐碰撞性能,重点考察其与刚性强撞击时的界面力、变形以及能量吸收能力。计算结果表明两级吸能装置变形有序,具备约3.4 MJ的能量吸收能力,可有效保护司机室结构;车体尾端弱刚度区具备6.5 MJ的能量吸收能力,可有效保护乘客区结构的安全。将上述结构应用在某型高速动车组车体并按照欧标EN15227进行36 km/h对撞工况的验证,司机室头部吸能结构变形合理,列车未发生爬车现象,司机室及客室结构完整,头车平均加速度为4.4g,满足标准要求。Based on high-speed and large-kinetic-energy characteristics of high-speed trains, a special passive protective end energy- absorbing structure was designed and simulated through non-linear finite element software LS-DYNA. The two-step energy-absorbing device fixed on the two cab end as well as low stiffness structure of car body rear end were studied and focused on the interface force, deformation and energy absorption capacity when a collision accident happened. It was proved that the two-step structure deformed orderly and had an energy absorbing capacity of 3.4/VII, which could protect the cab effectively, and the rear end low stiffness zone had an energy-absorbing capacity of 6.5 M J, which could protect the integrity of the passenger area. According to EN15227, a train-to-train crash scenario with a relative speed of 36 km/h was simulated and verified. It was proved that trains with energy-absorbing structure mentioned above could meet the need of EN15227 without climbing and damage of living space for both of drivers and passengers. Meanwhile, the average deceleration of the cab car was 4.4g.

关 键 词：碰撞 被动安全 LS—DYNA 车体设计 能量吸收 高速列车 

分 类 号：U292.914[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]