心理健康教育模式在青少年网络成瘾预防干预中的有效性初探  

The Pilot Exploration of Psycho-education on Adolescent Internet Addiction Prevention

作　　者：邓林园[1] 方晓义[2,3] 刘朝莹[2] 兰菁[2] 张锦涛[3] 刘勤学[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育心理与学校咨询研究所,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875 [4]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理研究》2013年第1期75-81,共7页Psychological Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170990);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(10YJCXLX003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

摘　　要：如何减少青少年网络成瘾及其对青少年的影响是当前社会关注的一个热点话题。然而,现有的研究主要以干预为主,基本上没有预防研究。为此,本研究以认知行为治疗理论为基础,以利弊认识与认知改变、目标设定与行为控制和心理需求与替代选择为主题,分别选取北京某中学初二年级的77名和66名学生作为实验组和对照组,进行网络成瘾的预防性干预研究,使用网络成瘾量表、网络使用利弊权衡量表、网络使用状况自编问卷进行干预前后测的比较,以检验预防干预方案的有效性。经过三周的预防性干预,结果表明:(1)干预组的学生在网络好处认知、上网时间和网络成瘾程度等方面都有所下降,但是控制组的学生则呈现相反的结果:控制组的学生在网络好处认知、上网时间和网络成瘾程度等方面呈现上升的趋势;(2)预防干预后,实验组只有2人(4.2%)网络成瘾程度加重,控制组却有9人(15.3%)网络成瘾程度加重;实验组有4人(8.4%)网络成瘾程度减轻,控制组只有3人(5.1%)网络成瘾程度减轻;(3)网络好处认知的降低有助于缓解青少年的网络成瘾,但是网络代价认知的改变却不能。Youth internet addiction is a topic of current concern. In this study, based on the theoretical model of cognitive behavior therapy, we designed a three-session preventive intervention program focusing on the pros-cons analysis and cognition of internet, goal setting and behavioral control, psychological needs and alternative choice. 77 students in a Beijing high school were selected as intervention group to implement the program, and another 66 students were selected as control group without any intervention. Young＇s internet addiction scale, the decision balance scale and internet usage questionnaire were used before and after intervention to measure the effect of the program on adolescent internet addiction preven- tion. After three weeks of preventive interventions, the results show that： （1） The intervention group of students＇ internet use per week, degree of Internet addiction and positive attitude toward internet has de- clined; but the control group of students showed the opposite result; （2） Through preventive intervention, the preventive effect was more significant than therapeutic effect： only 4.2% students in the intervention group changed from non addicts to addicts while nearly 15.3% of students in the control group changed this way; however, 8.4% students in the intervention group and 5.1% of students in the control group changed from addicts to non addicts. （3） The decline of positive attitude toward internet helps reduce in- ternet addiction, however, the increase of negative attitude toward internet doesn＇t help.

关 键 词：网络成瘾 心理健康教育 预防干预 青少年 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]