社会价值取向和反馈方式对公共物品困境中决策行为的影响  

The Effects of the Social Value Orientation and Feedback Formats on Decision Behavior in the Public Goods Dilemma

作　　者：何力舟[1] 卞冉[1] 车宏生[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第2期446-452,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0830732)的资助

摘　　要：本研究通过模拟投资实验和问卷来探讨重复型公共物品困境中社会价值取向(SVO)与信息反馈方式对决策行为的影响。结果表明:(1)合作型SVO的个体比非合作型个体表现出更多的合作行为;(2)SVO与信息反馈方式的交互作用随实验轮次越来越显著,非合作型的个体会受信息反馈方式的影响,而合作型个体则不易受反馈方式的影响;(3)与无反馈的条件相比,集体反馈倾向于促进个体的合作行为,个体反馈倾向于抑制合作行为,但反馈所造成的适应性改变使情况更为复杂。A public good （PG） is a commodity or service made available to all members of a group, and its provision depends on the voluntary contribution of its members. Once provided, all members in the group can enjoy the benefits of the PG, regardless of whether they contribute or not. Hence, there is a temptation to ＂free - ride＂ in the hope that others will contribute. Considering the influence of both individual factors and situational factors, this study focuses on social value orientation and feedback formats. Specifically, we hy- pothesized that the social value orientation and feedback formats both had significant influence on participants＇cooperative behavior and that there would be a significant interaction between the two variables. In this study, a public good dilemma （PGD） experiment, including 20 rounds of PGD games, was conducted to test the hypotheses with a 3 （feedback formats） x 2 （social value orientation） between -subjects design, where participants were asked to make decisions about whether to put their ＂money＂ in the group account or their individual accounts each round. The results showed ： （ 1 ） The main effect of social value orientation was significant on the decision behavior of the decision maker in repeated PDG games. Compared with non - cooperative people, cooperative people were much more inclined to cooperate. （2） The main effect of feedback formats was not significant. （3） The interaction between social value orientation and feedback formats was significant. The cooperation behavior of non -cooperative people was significantly affected by feedback formats, but cooperative people behaved consistently no matter what format of feedback they received. （4） Compared with the non -feedback condition, participants under group feedback condition were more likely to cooperate, while participants under individual feedback condition were less inclined to cooperate. However, the dynamic adap- tive changes resulted from the feedback made the relationship of t

关 键 词：社会困境 公共物品困境 社会价值取向 反馈 合作行为 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]