中国四城市中小学生每天不同时间段的饮水量  

Drinking in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in four cities of China

作　　者：张倩[1] 胡小琪[1] 杜松明[1] 潘慧[1] 王晓君[2] 张东[3] 朱珍妮[4] 罗圆[5] 鞠勇[6] 马冠生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京100050 [2]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心 [3]北京市西城区疾病预防控制中心慢病科 [4]上海市疾病预防控制中心营养卫生科 [5]广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所 [6]成都市疾病预防控制中心食品环境与学校卫生科

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2013年第3期214-218,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查北京、上海、成都、广州中小学生每天不同时间段的饮水量。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，于2011年9—10月在北京、上海、广州、成都抽取了5914名中小学生，完成调查5868名。采用连续7d24h的饮水记录法，由调查对象利用定量用具详细记录每天8个时间段，上午、下午、晚上，以及就餐时与非就餐时饮水的种类及量，分析不同时间段的水和饮料的饮用量。结果早餐前、早餐时、早餐后、午餐时、午餐后、晚餐时、晚餐后和夜间的饮水量分别为（99±101）、（130±106）、（191±155）、（96±107）、（246±172）、（90±101）、（188±135）、（50±81）ml（F=1679．77，P〈0．01）。按照3个时段划分时，上午的饮水量最高[（420±242）m1]，依次是下午[（341±199）ml]和晚上[（327±195）m1]（F=325．23，P〈0．01）；上午、下午、晚上白水饮用量分别是（270±209）、（250±179）和（224±177）ml（F=84．89，P〈0．01）；饮料的饮用量在上午[（151±133）m1]最高，其次是晚上[（103±122）ml]，下午[（91±199）ml]最低（F=373．56，P〈0．01）。就餐时与非就餐时的饮水量分别为（3161247）、（773±445）ml（Z=65．2，P〈0．01）。非就餐时，白水饮用量[（579±408）m1]高于饮料[（194±204）ml]（Z=64．5，P〈0．01）；就餐时，白水[（165±194）m1]和饮料[（151±152）m1]之间的差异无统计学意义（z=0．59，P=0．56）。结论中国4个城市中小学生每天不同时段的饮水量差别较大。Objective To investigate intake of water in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu of China. Methods A total of 5914 primary and middle school students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were recruited using multiple-stage random sampling method from September to October 2011. Among them, 5868 students completed the survey. The information of amounts and types of drinking in 8 time periods, morning, afternoon, night as well as in meal and non-meal time in 24 hours of a day was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement. This information was analyzed by different periods. Results The amount of drinking water among 8 periods of a day was （99 ±101 ） , （ 130 ± 106 ） , （ 191 ±155 ）, （96 ± 107 ）, （246 ± 172 ）, （90 ＋ 101 ）, （ 188 ± 135 ） and （50 ± 81 ） ml, respectively for before breakfast, during breakfast, after breakfast, during lunch, after lunch, during dinner, after dinner, and midnight （F = 1679. 77 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. Based on three periods of a day, the amount of drinking water in the morning （420 ± 242 ） ml was the statistically significantly most,followed by afternoon （341 ± 199 ） ml, and the least in the evening （ 327 ± 195 ） ml（ F = 325.23 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. The distribution trend of plain water in three periods was the same as total drinking water,with （270 ± 209 ）, （250 ± 179） and （224± 177 ）ml, respectively（ F =84. 89,P 〈0. 01 ） ; but beverage consumption was the evening （103 ±122） ml,and the least in the afternoon most in the morning（151 ± 133） ml,then in the （91 ± 199） ml （ F = 373. 56, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The daily plain water consumption in meal time was （316 ± 247 ）ml, while it in non-meal time was （773 ± 445 ）ml with statistically significant difference （ Z = 65.2, P 〈 0. 01 ）. There was no significant difference in meal time between plain water（ 165 ±194）ml and beverage�

关 键 词：饮水 饮料 水 时间因素 

分 类 号：G637[文化科学—教育学] R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]