拓扑几何在知觉组织与空间概念形成中的运用——拓扑知觉理论与拓扑首位理论概述  

The Topological Approach to Perceptual Organization and the Formation of Space Conception—A Review of Topological Perception Theory and Topological Primacy Thesis

作　　者：邓小凤[1] 袁颖[1] 李富洪[2] 李红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715 [2]辽宁师范大学心理发展与教育研究中心,大连116029

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第3期571-575,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基金项目(JJD190002)的资助

摘　　要：陈霖的拓扑知觉理论运用几何性质解释知觉组织,并强调拓扑性质的优先性——拓扑知觉是其他几何知觉的基础,拓扑知觉先于其他几何知觉发生。皮亚杰的拓扑首位理论认为儿童的空间概念发展顺序为先发展拓扑几何概念,之后再发展射影与欧式几何概念。两大理论都运用拓扑性质来解释心理现象,其研究对象、研究方法存在很大不同,但它们在理论结构上具有高度一致性,对几何学在心理学上的运用有非常重要的启示意义。Topological perception theory （TPET） explains perception with geometrical properties, as well as emphasizing the priority of topological perception, which is the basis that other geometrical perception depends on. The topological perception also first occurs among all of the geometrical perceptions. When the target is presented for only 5ms, the difference among topological properties can be distinguished. The visual system perceives firstly the topological properties, secondly the projective properties, thirdly the affine properties, and finally Euclidean properties. The topological primacy theory （TPRT） claims that the developmental sequence of children＇s space conception is topological, projective and Euclidean. Before 4 years old, children＇s space conception is topological, and they do not have shape and size constancy （shape and size are Euclidean properties）. Although both of the two theories explain psychological phenomena topologically, there are some differences in their objects and methods. We will compare these two theories in research contents, methods and theoretical structures. In research contents, there are three main comparisons. Firstly, in geometrical properties, both of the two theories are about topoiogleal, projective and Euclidean properties; otherwise, TPET is about affine properties. They define geometrical properties in different ways. Secondly, the psychological phenomena they are concerned with are different： TPRT researches space conception, emphasizes mental representation of space instead of perception, while TPET researches visual phenomena, such as apparent motion, illusory con- junctions and global precedence, Although the two theories are different in objects and methods, their theoretical structures are highly consistent. Last but not least, the research participants are different： TPRT used children, while TPET used adults and animals, which sheds light on geometry via psychology. Comparatively speaking, the methods of TPET are more objective and rigorous

关 键 词：拓扑性质 几何性质 知觉 空间概念 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学] O189[哲学宗教—心理学]