行人过街的认知心理过程和模型  

Cognitive Psychological Process and Model of Pedestrian’s Road Crossing Behavior

作　　者：吴昌旭[1] 马舒[1,2] 庄想灵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2013年第7期1141-1149,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB302201)

摘　　要：随着交通系统的复杂化,行人安全受到的威胁日益增加。本文以行人穿过马路的心理步骤为切入点,对行人观察感知、判断决策方面的研究进行综述。在观察感知方面,主要分析了观察内容、策略及注意失误的原因,在判断决策方面,介绍了内部心理机制中相关的理论模型,包括效用理论、计划行为理论,以及具体行为机制中的可接受间隙理论,并重点分析了具体行为机制里闯红灯行为的影响因素。最后,本文提出了行人过街的认知心理模型,为以后的行人研究提供理论借鉴,为交通安全提供实践依据。Pedestrian safety has been a worldwide safety problem, especially in developing countries like China. This paper reviewed the cognitive process of pedestrians＇ road crossing behaviors： the cognitive input process of observation and perception; and the judgment and decision making processes. The former is about the content of observation, the strategies utilized, and also the situations when people get wrong perception due to deficiency in attention resources. The latter process was related to theories about the underlying mental mechanism of decision making： the Utility based theory, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Gap Acceptance Theory was also introduced to account for pedestrian behaviors that were not controlled by signal lights, with red light running as a typical behavior that was influenced by both personal and contextual factors. Based on these findings from literature, a conceptual cognitive model for pedestrian road crossing behavior was proposed. It is expected that the model can facilitate future pedestrian crossing behavior research and improve pedestrian safety.

关 键 词：行人 过街行为安全 认知心理 模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B849[哲学宗教—心理学]