偶态形而上学:问题的提出和展示  

The Metaphysics of Modality:A Presentation and Description of the Problem

作　　者：谢文郁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学犹太教与跨宗教研究中心 [2]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院

出　　处：《世界哲学》2013年第4期44-53,160,共10页World Philosophy

摘　　要：本文试图通过追踪"偶态"一词在古代文献中的一些相关讨论,展示它在语言学、逻辑学和存在论上的原始意义。就其起源而言,亚里士多德在分析语言结构时,发现不得不处理情态动词以及情态句。情态句分析引发了相关逻辑学分析和讨论,从而把语言学上的情态问题转变为逻辑学上的模态问题。斯多亚学派的模态逻辑研究则揭示了模态的存在论问题,导致模态概念向偶态概念的转化。奥古斯丁引入了一种新的思维方式,在恩典概念中谈论可能性,引进情感因素,展示了一种与经验世界无关但和人的生存直接相关的存在论语境,并在其中给出可能性之绝对实在性的证明。奥古斯丁之后,在西方思想史上,可能性之实在性问题作为偶态存在论的主要推手,乃是存在论的基本问题之一。This paper attempts to fathom the discussions of the concept 'modality' in the ancient literature,presenting its original meaning with regard to linguistics,logics and ontology.In its genesis,while analyzing the structure of language,Aristotle had to treat with modal verbs and modal sentences.The analysis of modal sentences resulted in relevant analysis and discussion of logics so that transformed the question of modality in linguistics into one in logics.The stoics on logics of modality showed the question of modality in ontology.Augustine added a new ideal form.In his remarks on Grace which is about possibility,he emphasized emotions,displaying a sort of ontological context,irrespective of empirical world but respective of direct existence of human,and bolstering the absolute reality of possibility.In the history of ideas after Augustine,the reality of possibility as impetus of modality in ontology is one of fundamental problems in ontology./r/n

关 键 词：偶态 可能性 实在性 形而上学 

分 类 号：B502.233[哲学宗教—外国哲学]