基于热管技术的储粮仓温度特征及其抑虫效果  

Temperature characteristic and inhibition effect on insect pest in grain storehouse based on heat pipe technology

作　　者：修方珑[1,2] 张岩[1,2] 王世清[1,2] 李保华[1,2,3] 姜文利[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学食品科学与工程学院 [2]青岛市现代农业质量与安全工程重点实验室 [3]青岛第二粮库

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第14期256-261,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31271963);山东省自然基金项目(2009ZRB01581)

摘　　要：为解决传统储粮方法存在的高能耗、害虫多、易污染的问题,基于热管技术,该文设计开发了一座利用自然冷源蓄冷的储粮仓,其由储粮仓、热管模组、温度监测系统等组成,通过1年试验(2011年12月16日至2012年11月1日)研究了储粮仓内粮食温度变化及对害虫的抑制效果,结果表明:热管模组在19d内将粮食温度降低到0,最低可降至-3.17℃;热管储粮试验仓蓄冷量为50.95MJ,降温速度达到了0.28℃/d,分别较对照仓高出31.62%和47.37%,因此试验仓降温速度更快,蓄冷量更大。夏季试验仓虫害发生时间延迟,害虫数量明显减少,抑虫效果明显。此外,试验周期内无任何能耗,小麦并未出现结露或霉变等现象。该研究为热管技术在大型粮库中的应用提供依据和技术支持。To solve problems occurring in grain storage such as high-energy consumption, uncontrollable insect pests, and serious pesticide pollution, a heated, pipe-based grain storehouse utilizing natural cold resources was developed. The heated pipe-based grain storehouse is composed of a storehouse, heat pipe, and temperature monitoring system. The working substance in the evaporation section of the heat pipe absorbs heat from the grain, gasifies it, and then releases the heat via heat an exchange with cold air in the condensation section of the heat pipe. The liquefied working substance then flows back to the evaporation section via gravity. An automatic cycle is accomplished in this manner. The natural coldness resource is continuously transferred and stored in the grain, and low temperature grain storage is achieved. In this study, from December 2011 to November 2012, the distribution and variation of the temperature of grain storehouses were measured and analyzed. The insect pest inhibition effect was also studied. Results showed that the heat pipe was in operation for 91 day, in which the temperature was2.2℃ lower than that of traditional grain storehouses, and the average wheat temperature of the heat pipe-based grain storehouse decreased to 0℃ within 19 days, reaching the minimum of-3.17℃. In this period, its heat exchange was 50.95MJ and the cooling rate was 0.28℃/d, which were respectively 31.62% and 47.37% higher than that of conventional grain storehouses. Natural cold resources more rapidly transferred into the heat pipe-based grain storehouse. The average wheat temperature of the heat pipe-based grain storehouse had been below 15℃ before May 2012, in accordance with the widely accepted temperature requirement for low temperature grain storage. The occurrence of insect pests in the heat pipe-based storehouse was delayed and the insect pest density was lowered. Thus, the insect control effect was significant. In addition, no moisture condensation or mildew occurred during the experimental period. In

关 键 词：热管 蓄冷 害虫抑制 自然冷源 低温储粮 

分 类 号：TS205.9[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]