青少年性别角色与性别刻板印象调查  

Gender role development and gender stereotype of adolescents in China

作　　者：左霞云[1] 廉启国[1] 程艳[1] 涂晓雯[1] 王子亮[1] 余春艳[1] 楼超华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市计划生育科学研究所(国家人口和计划生育委员会计划生育药具重点实验室),上海200032

出　　处：《中国性科学》2013年第8期71-75,共5页Chinese Journal of Human Sexuality

基　　金：福特基金会资助项目(1105-1059)

摘　　要：目的:了解目前我国不同类型青少年性别角色发展及性别刻板印象情况,为更好地开展青少年性别教育提供依据。方法:采用分阶段抽样,对全国六个省、自治区城市和农村地区的5709例不同类型的青少年进行计算机辅助的自填问卷调查。结果:青少年报告家庭中性别分工较刻板。青少年双性化、未分化和单性化(典型的男性化和女性化)各占约1/3,其中男性青少年中双性化的比例较高,达40%,而未分化和单性化的比例较低。在校学生随着年龄的增长双性化的比例升高,未分化和男性化的比例下降。相当比例的青少年持较刻板的性别角色印象,且对家庭事务领域的性别刻板印象要高于社会和两性关系领域。与家庭结构变量相比,父母在家务分配、决策贡献上是否遵从传统的性别分工更能影响青少年的性别刻板印象。结论:性别教育除帮助青少年进行自我调节、倡导双性化和男性化性别角色的发展外,还必须注重其家庭内性别文化建设。Objectives： To evaluate adolescent＇ s gender development and gender stereotype endorsement in China, and to provide basic information on how to better implement adolescent gender education. Methods ： 5709 adolescents of different typos from both urban and rural areas in six provinces were investigated anonymously with the method of computer assisted self- inter- view （CASI）. Results： Adolescents reported rather gender- stereotyped division of family affairs. The proportion of adolescents characterized of androgynous, undifferentiated and traditional （typical feminine and masculine） gender roles respectively accoun- ted for one third, with higher androgynous （40%） and lower masculine and undifferentiated traits among males. With the in- crease of their ages, the proportion of in - school adolescents with feminine roles increased, while the proportion of those with un- differentiated and masculine gender roles decreased. Considerable proportion of adolescents endorsed traditional gender norms, with more traditional attitudes to gender norms in family domains than those in societal domains and private heterosexual relations. Compared with family structure variables, division of family labor and decision - making along traditional gender - specialized lines played more important role on adolescent gender stereotype. Conclusion： Gender education should be implemented not only to help adolescent＇ s self- regulation and advocate the nurture of androgynous and masculine traits, but also to address the construction of gender culture within family.

关 键 词：青少年 性别角色 性别刻板印象 

分 类 号：R151.4[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]