自我面孔加工与注意——来自反眼跳的证据  

Self Face Processing and Attention Capture:Evidence from a Anti-Saccade Task

作　　者：杨青[1,2] 闫国利[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074 [2]天津医科大学心理学研究所,天津300070

出　　处：《应用心理学》2013年第1期34-41,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地项目(2009JJDXLX005)

摘　　要：作为一种具有重要生物学意义和社会性的视觉刺激,面孔比一般的视觉刺激更容易吸引注意。本研究以Eye1ink 2000车载眼动仪为工具,在混合呈现的反眼跳任务中考察了32名大学生被试对自我面孔、恋人面孔和陌生面孔加工中的注意捕获和维持注意方面的特点。结果发现:在朝向眼跳任务中,自我面孔和恋人面孔的眼跳错误率显著低于异性陌生面孔,并且自我面孔和恋人面孔都表现出了保持注意的优势;而在反眼跳任务中,自我面孔、恋人面孔与陌生人面孔的反眼跳错误率和眼跳潜伏期没有显著差异。这一结果表明:自我面孔、恋人面孔与陌生面孔之间在高水平视觉特征上的差异没有达到影响反眼跳的最小可觉察差别量。因此,在反眼跳任务中面孔的优势效应掩盖了自我相关信息加工的优势,导致了自我面孔与陌生面孔没有表现出对注意捕获或保持注意上的差异。Human faces capture attention more than other visual stimuli. Here we investigated whether self face can capture attention more than other familiar or unfamiliar face in mixed saccadic ments were recorded in 32 participants who performed either pro - or anti - saceades to self face, lover＇s face, or unfamiliar face, randomly presented to the left or right of a fixation arrow. Their eye movements were recorded with an Eyelink2K eye tracker. For each trial, a symbolic cue instructed the observer to generate either anti - saccade. We reported a prosaccade error rates for face compared to unfamiliar faces retained attention longer a prosaccade or an significant decrease in self faces and lover＇s face ; meanwhile self in comparison to unfa miliar face in pro - saccades. Unexpectedly. we didnt find significant difference in the anti -saccade error rate or saccade latency among self face, lover＇s face, and unfamiliar face. These results may reflect that the differences in high - level visual properties of self face, lover＇s face and unfamiliar face didn＇t meet the level of pre - attentive just noticeable difference for anti -saccades task, then the face effect on attention capture was large enough to envelop the self effect to emerge. Future research needs to use pure anti - saccade task to investigate more about the just noticeable difference for anti - saccades task.

关 键 词：自我面孔 反向眼跳 朝向眼跳 注意捕获 注意保持 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]