母亲抑郁和惩罚对儿童早期问题行为的影响及父亲的保护作用  

The Detriment of Mother's Depression and Punishment on Preschooler's Problem Behaviors and the Protecting Father

作　　者：刘丽莎[1] 李燕芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院,北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2013年第5期533-540,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部青年课题"早期抚养和教育经历对学龄初儿童认知与社会能力的影响研究"(EHA090429);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(11YJC190013)

摘　　要：儿童早期是母亲消极情绪和行为的易感期,母亲抑郁和消极的教养行为可能导致儿童早期多方面的发展问题,而父亲的积极教养则可能对孩子的健康发展起到保护作用。本研究以184名学前儿童的父亲和母亲为被试,考察母亲抑郁情绪和惩罚行为对儿童问题行为的影响及作用机制,以及父亲积极鼓励在其中的调节作用。结果发现:(1)母亲抑郁显著预测儿童的内向问题行为,母亲惩罚显著预测内向和外向问题行为;(2)母亲抑郁完全通过其惩罚行为影响儿童的外向问题行为,部分通过惩罚影响儿童的内向问题行为;(3)父亲积极鼓励显著调节母亲抑郁对外向问题行为的影响,边缘显著调节母亲抑郁对内向问题行为的影响;父亲积极鼓励对母亲惩罚与内、外向问题行为之间的关系的调节不显著,表明积极的父亲鼓励可以缓冲母亲抑郁对儿童问题行为的影响。Young children are more likely to be vulnerable to the negative mother. Maternal depression and negative parenting could be associated with a range of development problem in early childhood, while father＇ s positive parenting behavior could mitigate the adverse effects and protecting children＇ s smoothly developing. A sample of 184 preschoolers＇ parents （both mother and father） participated in current study devoted to investigating the mechanism of maternal depression and punishment on preschooler＇ s problem behaviors and the buffer effect of father＇ s positive encouragement. Results showed that ： （1） maternal depression predicted children＇ s internalizing problem behaviors while maternal punishment predicted both internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors significantly. （2） Maternal punishment mediated the relations between maternal depression and children＇ s externalizing behaviors completely and partially mediated the associations between maternal depression and children＇s internalizing behaviors. （3） Paternal positive encouragement significantly moderated the influences of maternal depression on children＇ s externalizing behaviors, but marginal positively moderated the impact of maternal depression on children＇ s internalizing behaviors. Otherwise, paternal positive encouragement couldn＇ t moderate the negative effects of mother＇ s punishment on children＇ s internalizing and externalizing behaviors, which implicated that positive paternal encouragement could buffer the negative effects of maternal depression against young children＇ s problem behaviors.

关 键 词：母亲抑郁 母亲惩罚 父亲积极鼓励 学前儿童 问题行为 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]