小学儿童羞耻情绪理解能力的发展  

The Development of Primary School Children's Understanding of Shame

作　　者：丁芳[1] 范李敏[1] 张琛琛[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院心理学系,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第5期1163-1167,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(2012SJD190005)的资助

摘　　要：先通过收集和验证羞耻情境故事和情绪词来编制考察小学儿童羞耻情绪理解能力的测量材料,然后对300名1-6年级小学儿童的羞耻情绪理解能力的发展特点进行测查。结果表明:(1)小学儿童的羞耻情绪理解能力随年级增长而发展,并且在2-3年级有一个快速发展阶段。(2)4种羞耻情境中,小学儿童在公德情境中的羞耻情绪理解能力最高,其次是当众出丑情境和欺骗情境,最低是学习情境。(3)小学儿童的羞耻情绪理解能力无显著性别差异;4种羞耻情境中,只有在公德情境中的羞耻情绪理解能力有显著性别差异,即男生高于女生。Shame is a type of emotional experience when one realizes the gap between actual self and ideal self followinga negative self - assessment thatone＇s behavior has damagedone＇s ideal self under certain social situation. Since the 1950s and 1960s, western scholars have achieved some positive results, which are more systematic and specific, mainly centering on the definition of shame, development of the theory of shame, style of coping with shame and function of shame and so on. In China, the study of shame has just got started, which mainly focuses on the suchtopics as the difference between shame and guilty, style of coping with shame, relationship between shame and mental health, mostly with university students as subjects. Consciousness of shame is one of the most important criteria of one＇s moral level. Chinese traditional culture places a high premium on the virtue of shame awareness, especially on ＂mianzi＂. There are ideological and political educationcourses, teaching about shame awareness in schools. Here comes the question： Can primary school children understand the meaning of shame？ The present study was designed to explore the development of shame awareness among 1 -6 grade primary school children and their gender difference. In Study 1, we collected and verified the shame scenario stories for Study 2 from two groups, which were randomly selected from 1 -6 grade students （120 in group 1, 180 in group 2, evenly divided between boys and girls） as the measure material for developmental characteristics of theunderstanding of shame. The material includes four scenario stories. Each story was set after three settled questions to find out the understanding of feeling of shame and reason of shame among primary school children, and their subsequent behavior. In Study 2, we used the measure material made in Study 1 to measure the developmental characteristics of 300 primary school children＇s understanding of shame from grades 1 to 6 （50 per grade, evenly divided between boys and girls）. Th

关 键 词：小学儿童 羞耻 羞耻情绪理解 发展 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]