试析中国学徒制中师徒关系的变化  

The Evolution of the Relationship between Master and Apprentice in the Apprenticeship

作　　者：施刚钢[1] 柳靖[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学职业技术学院 [2]河北师范大学职业技术教育研究所

出　　处：《职教通讯》2013年第25期54-59,共6页Communication of Vocational Education

摘　　要：在师傅的引导下习得知识和技能的学徒制,从人类早期社会一直存在且发展至今。师徒关系也随着历史发展的脉络在不同形式的学徒制下演变至今,主要经历了"前学徒制"中家族父子之间、养父子之间的关系,在私人之外又具有了社会关系的性质,较强的宗法性,近代的过渡时期(夹杂宗法与雇佣色彩的不平等契约化形式到劳工管理制度下追求平等的进步式师徒关系),责权利更加明确的学徒制阶段(教学契约化),成为职业准备、就业过渡或者谋生准备的一种较佳的选择(亦师亦友多种角色相融合)。Apprenticeship is a mode that we can learn the knowledge and technique on the influence of the master. It is developping with the development of society. In the different historical periods it has its own characteristics. And so is the relationship between master and apprentice. Correspondingly, the evolution of relationship goes through many stages, such as natural father and son or not in the stage of pre-apprenticeship, with the social rela- tions, in the patriarchal clan system, period of transition （the unequal contract with the patriarchal and employment and the progressing relationship of pursuing peace under the labor employment and management system）, the stage with the more clear authority and duty （teaching contract）, being the better choice of preparation for occupation or making a living and transitions to employment （education contract and integration of multiple roles like teacher or friend）.

关 键 词：学徒制 师生关系 历史演变 教师角色 中国 

分 类 号：G715.6[文化科学—职业技术教育学]