广州市天河区2005-2012年食源性疾病发生原因与流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of the causes and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases occurred in Tianhe District of Guangzhou City between 2005 and2012

作　　者：向辉[1] 刘钢[1] 李标[1] 郑芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市天河区疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510655 [2]南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第24期4552-4555,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金项目(A2013561);广州市医药卫生科技项目(20131A011182)

摘　　要：目的分析本辖区食源性疾病发生的致病因子及其流行特征,探讨如何提高不明原因食源性疾病检测水平。方法对2005-2012年辖区内食源性疾病流行病学调查资料,分别从发生时间、摄入食物、致病因素、发生原因、发病人数及死亡人数进行统计分析,重点分析由致病微生物引起的事件在各种标本中的检出情况。结果 2005-2012年辖区内共发生食源性疾病104件,发病人数837例,死亡1例。事件发生的主要原因是食用不洁食物引起(48件、占总数的46.15%;发病人数449人、占总数的53.64%)。金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、变形杆菌是事件引起的主要病原菌(36件,占总数的34.62%)。除每年的12月份外,常年均有细菌性引起的事件发生。中小型饮食服务单位、家庭和集体食堂是事件发生的主要场所,分别占报告起数的38.46%、31.73%和24.04%。结论尽管本辖区食源性疾病发生的事件近年来呈下降趋势,但广州市地处亚热带,较适合微生物生长繁殖。建议针对关键控制点进行重点监管。借用快速灵敏的检测技术,降低不明原因食源性疾病事件的比例。OBJECTIVE The study analyzed the pathogenic factors and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases occurred in the District to explore plausible approaches to improve the detection of unknown foodborne diseases. METHODS Epidemiological investigation data of foodbome diseases in the District reported between 2005 and 2012 were statistically ana- lyzed from multiple aspects, including the time of incident, food ingested, pathogenic factors, cause of incident, and num- bers of patients and deaths. We also focused on assessing the detection rates of pathogenic microorganisms from the various specimens obtained during the investigation of the incidents. RESULTS A total of 104 cases of foodborne diseases, including 837 patients and 1 death, were reported in the District between 2005 and 2012. The major cause of the incidents was con- sumption of contaminated food （involving 48 cases and 449 patients, accounting for 46.15% and 53.64% of the surveyed cas- es and patients, respectively）. Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Proteus were the main pathogenic bac- teria responsible for the incidents （involving 36 cases, accounting for 34.62% of the surveyed cases） ; and these incidents were reported all year-round, except in December. Most incidents occurred in small- and medium-sized food service units, residents, and public dining halls, accounting for 38.46%, 31.73%, and 24.03% of the reported cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Although the incidence of foodborne diseases in the District has been decreasing, it should not be forgotten that Guangzhou is located in the subtropics where the climate is suitable for microbial growth. Emphasizing the supervision of key control sites and utilizing rapid and sensitive detection techniques to reduce the occurrence of unknown foodborne diseases is suggested.

关 键 词：食源性疾病 食品安全 流行病学特征 致病因子 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]