论食品安全法律中的民事责任制度——兼论《食品安全法》(修订草案送审稿)中的相关规定  

On Legal Systems of Civil Liability of Food Safety and Relevant Provisions of the Revised Draft of Food Safety Law

作　　者：尹红强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872 [2]石家庄经济学院法政学院,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《食品科学》2014年第1期298-302,共5页Food Science

摘　　要：食品安全事故屡禁不绝标志着以行政责任和刑事责任为主导治理食品安全问题的破产。民事责任的经济性决定了其在调动消费者积极参与食品安全社会共治方面具有天然的优势。让食品违法经营者承担足够高的民事赔偿责任不但可以使受害者得到足够多的补偿,还可以使违法经营者无利可图并消除其违法经营的动机,进而从根本上扭转食品安全频发的问题。要使民事赔偿责任成为解决食品安全问题的主导责任,就要完善我国的惩罚性赔偿制度及先行赔付制度,解决虚假广告代言人的合理承担民事责任的问题;同时还需完善公益诉讼制度,在食品安全赔偿诉讼中推行举证责任倒置制度,以解决消费者举证难的问题。The frequent occurrence of food safety incidents has indicated the failure of food safety governance focused on administrative and criminal liability. The economic nature of civil liability has a natural advantage that can mobilize consum- ers to participate in social governance of food safety. Sufficiently high civil liability and compensation may not only protect the interests of victims but make illegal business operators unprofitable as well, thus eliminating the motives for illegal busi- ness operations and essentially solving the problem of the frequency of food safety incidents. Civil liability can be made dominant in solving food safety problems by perfecting the systems of punitive damages and claiming compensation from the market operator in the absence of the business operator in China and solving the problem of civil liability for false adver- tising. In addition, the public interest litigation system needs to be perfected and it is necessary to implement the reversal of the burden of proof in food safety claims and lawsuits so as to make it easier for consumers to fulfill the burden of proof.

关 键 词：食品安全 社会共治 惩罚性赔偿 先行赔付 公益诉讼 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]