采后纳米氧化锌对苹果黑斑病和青霉病的控制  

Effects of nano-zinc oxide treatment on black spot and blue mold of postharvest apple

作　　者：刘瑾瑾[1] 李永才[1] 刘昌宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学化学与生物工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2014年第4期327-330,共4页Science and Technology of Food Industry

摘　　要：通过离体(in vitro)和体内(in vivo)实验,研究了纳米氧化锌处理对苹果采后主要致腐病菌Alternaria alternata和Penicillium expansum生长的抑制及对病害的控制效果。结果表明:纳米氧化锌对两种病菌的菌丝生长均具有明显的抑制作用,且抑制效果随浓度的升高而增加,其中20%的纳米氧化锌对A.alternata和P.expansum的抑菌率分别达到86.85%和49.60%,对前者抑制效果显著优于后者。20%纳米氧化锌处理对A.alternata孢子萌发的抑制较对照下降了87.37%,而15%纳米氧化锌处理对P.expansum孢子萌发的抑制较对照下降了94.56%。同时纳米氧化锌也显著降低了损伤接种A.alternata和P.expansum苹果病斑直径的扩展,其中以5%纳米氧化锌处理效果最好,分别与对照相比降低了76.24%和65.32%,更高浓度处理并没有增强抑制效果。由此表明,纳米氧化锌可通过直接抑菌作用来减轻苹果黑斑病和青霉病的发生。The effect of nano -zinc oxide at different concentrations against Aalternata and Pexpansum of pathogenic bacteria in postharvest apple was demonstrated. Results indicated that nano-zinc oxide inhibited significantly the mycelium growth of Aalternata and Pexpansum, and the inhibition efficacy was greatly enhanced when the concentration of nano-zinc oxide was increased. The inhibited ratio of 20% of nano-zinc oxide was respectively up to 86,85% and 49.60% , the former inhibitory effect was significantly better than the latter, The spore germination of Aalternata were 87.37% lower than the control after treatment with 20% zinc oxide, While the concentration of 15% zinc oxide treatment on Pexpansum spore germination, the germination rate had dropped by 94.56% compared with the control. Lesion diameter of apple inoculated with Aalternata and P.expansum were decreased by nano-zinc oxide treatment when concentration at 5% showed the most effective, the lesion diameter reduced by 76.24% and 65.32% compared with the control. The higher concentration treatment did not increase the effect. It was suggested that nano -zinc oxide treatment could directly inhibit pathogens to decrease black spot and blue mold of postharvest apple.

关 键 词：苹果 纳米氧化锌 互隔交链孢 扩展青霉 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]