义符研究20年:理论探讨、实验证据和加工模型  

Semantic Radicals' Research in Twenty Years: Theoretical Exploration, Experimental Evidence and Processing Model

作　　者：张积家[1] 王娟[2] 陈新葵[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872 [2]江苏师范大学教育科学学院,徐州221116 [3]广东外语外贸大学政管学院心理学系,广州510420

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第3期381-399,共19页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目(2013SJB190002);广东省哲学社会科学"十一五"规划项目(GD10CXL04);江苏师范大学人文社会科学研究项目(12XWRO13)资助

摘　　要：义符研究是汉字研究中最具特色的领域之一。作为汉字的重要构字部件,义符吸引了众多的研究者关注。语言学对于义符的研究具有悠久的历史。当代语言学家多从质的角度和计算层面来探讨义符的种类、表义性、表义度和构字频率。认知心理学家多从亚词汇加工的角度探究义符对汉字词的识别、语义提取、语法分类和知觉加工的影响,探讨义符的主观熟悉性、位置、家族大小和一致性的作用。在研究的基础上,相继出现了数个义符参与汉字认知加工的模型——"两个网络系统模型"、"汉字词与图片命名与分类的综合模型"、"义符在词汇通达中表征和加工的综合模型"和"义符影响形声字加工的调节模型"。模型统合了已有的研究成果,为形声字认知理论注入了新的内容,为后续的研究奠定了良好的基础。在未来,义符研究中还有许多问题需要探讨。Semantic radicals are components which are related with Chinese characters in view of meaning. Semantic radicals＇ research is the unique field of Chinese characters study. There has been a long history in semantic radicals＇ research from the point view of linguistics. Linguists have investigated the properties of semantic radicals＇ expressing meaning, the rate of semantic radicals＇ expressing meaning and the frequency of semantic radicals＇ constructing Chinese character from the aspects of quality and the statistics mainly. Cognitive psychologists have mostly explored the influences of semantic radicals to word recognition, semantic extraction, grammar classification and perceptual processing from the view of sub-lexical processing of Chinese characters, also discussed subjective familiarity, family size and consistency of semantic radicals. They found semantic radicals is not only the ＂chuck＂ of Chinese character＇s structure, the ＂chuck＂ of Chinese character＇s recognition, but also the ＂chuck＂ of semantics and the ＂chuck＂ of Chinese character＇s grammar.Based on the previous studies, researchers have proposed processing models of semantic radicals impacting Chinese characters cognition, these models conform to the results of semantic research to some extent and deliver new blood into the Chinese characters cognition theory, and also lay a solid foundation for following researches.

关 键 词：义符 理论探讨 实验证据 加工模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]