适宜热烫条件保持双孢蘑菇片品质和颜色  

Appropriate water blanching treatment to keep quality and color of Agaricus bisporus slices

作　　者：李静[1] 李顺峰[1] 王安建[1] 陈瑾[1] 田广瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农科院农副产品加工研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第7期268-273,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31301588);河南省科技攻关资助项目(102102110015)

摘　　要：为保持双孢蘑菇片的品质和颜色，采用85、90、95和100℃的热水分别对双孢蘑菇片进行不同时间的热烫处理，以未经热烫的双孢蘑菇片为对照，测定其干片抗坏血酸和总酚含量、抗氧化活性及其颜色的变化。结果表明：热烫后双孢蘑菇片的抗坏血酸和总酚含量分别损失66.67%～93.33%和12.33%～59.49%，抗氧化活性减弱16.86%～42.75%；与未热烫样品相比，热烫可使双孢蘑菇片亮度 L 值下降11.23%～30.63%，而色度变化不大，但总色差从10.12±0.55增到22.86±0.21。综合考虑热烫温度和时间对双孢蘑菇片抗坏血酸、总酚、抗氧化活性和颜色的影响，确定双孢蘑菇片的较佳热烫条件为85~95℃温度下处理1~2 min，在此条件下能较好的保持双孢蘑菇片的营养品质和颜色。Button mushroom （Agaricus bisporus） is one of the most popular and valuable mushrooms in the world, and it is usually processed for long-time storage. Button mushrooms are a good source of vitamins, protein, phenolics, polysaccharose and many mineral elements. However, they are highly perishable commodities due to browning, water loss, senescence, and microbial attack, in which, browning reactions limit their shelf life to a few days. The enzyme polyphenoloxidase （PPO） is the responsible cause of this deteriorative process. In view of their highly perishable nature, button mushrooms must be processed to extend their commercial shelf life for off-season use. The production of heat-sterilized preserves represents most usual long-term preservation. Sterilization accounts for more than 60 percent of industrially processed mushrooms. In the preparation process of sterilized mushrooms, blanching is an important pre-treatment, which objectives may be：（i） to reduce enzymatic browning through thermal inactivation of PPO;（ii） to induce volume contraction （shrinkage） to avoid this occurrence at the sterilization stage;（iii） to make the product more pliable to facilitate filling operations. However, some negative features of blanching are the loss of valuable nutritious components, partial biochemical conversions of components resulting in changes in aroma and - in general - deteriorative effects on sensory properties like texture and color, which are the main features taken into account by consumers. To maintain the quality and color of button mushrooms, the content of ascorbic acid and total phenolic, antioxidant capacity, and color of button mushroom slices blanched between 85℃and 100℃with an increment of 5℃ for different times were investigated. Results showed that blanching significantly reduced the content of ascorbic acid and total phenolic, antioxidant capacity, and color. Ascorbic acid and total phenolic content decreased by 66.67 percent-93.33 percent and 12.33 percent-59.49 percen

关 键 词：品质控制 颜色 温度 双孢蘑菇 热烫 抗氧化活性 

分 类 号：TS255.36[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]