焦虑个体对威胁性信息的注意偏向训练  

Effects of attentional bias training on the processing of threatening information in anxious individuals

作　　者：于欢[1] 牛青云[1] 张学民[1,2] 冯晴[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2014年第5期367-373,共7页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271083);国家重点基础研究计划(973项目)(2011CB711000)

摘　　要：目的:考察注意偏向训练矫正焦虑个体对威胁性信息注意偏向的作用。方法:招募在校大学生,根据状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、社交焦虑量表(LSAS)、贝克抑郁量表(BDI)得分和注意偏向值(BIAS)相匹配的原则,选取BIAS>10的焦虑组受试,将其分为注意偏向训练组(n=10)和无偏向重复练习组(n=10),对两组进行每天1次,连续7 d的训练。采用空间线索范式,2(组别:注意偏向训练组,无偏向重复练习组)×2(时间:前测,后测)混合设计,以面孔表情图片为材料,比较两组受试训练前后的注意偏向差异。设置迁移任务,以面孔表情图片和词语为材料,考察注意偏向训练效果的可迁移性。结果:训练后,注意偏向训练组对负性面孔的BIAS标准分数低于训练前[(-1.07±1.38)vs.(0.60±0.45),P<0.05],无偏向重复练习组对负性面孔的BIAS标准分数也低于训练前[(-0.04±0.37)vs.(0.52±0.34),P<0.05]。重复测量方差分析表明,词语任务的时间主效应、分组主效应以及时间×分组交互作用均无统计学意义。结论:注意偏向训练和无偏向重复练习都能降低受试对负性表情面孔的注意偏向。一组负性表情面孔的训练效果能够迁移到另外一组面孔刺激上,但不能从图片迁移到词语上。Object：To investigate the effect of attentional bias training （ABT） in anxious individuals on the processing of threatening stimuli. Methods： Participants were the university students whose attentional bias values （BIAS） were more than 10. They were divided into ABT group （n = 10） and the repeated exposure group （n = 10）according to the results of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI）,Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale （LSAS）,Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） and BIAS. Both groups took part in 7 days spatial cuing task training with 1 time in one day. A 2 （the ABT,repeated exposure group） × 2 （pretest,posttest） mixed-design experiment was conducted to investigate the change of attentional bias values of anxious participants in the spatial cuing task. The two groups adopted attentional bias training and repeated exposure respectively for 7 days. Face and word materials were used as experimental stimuli in the pretest and posttest task. Only face stimuli were used in the training section,and a transfer task of word stimuli were used to test the transfer effect of training. Results： It showed that when face stimuli were used in training task,for the ABT group,the standard score of attentional bias values to the negative location in the posttest was significant smaller than that in the pretest [（- 1. 07 ± 1. 38） vs. （0. 60 ± 0. 45）,P 〈 0. 05],the repeated exposure group showed the similar result [（- 0. 04 ± 0. 37） vs. （0. 52 ± 0. 34）,P 〈0. 05]. However,no significant effect was found in word transfer task. Conclusion： It suggests that both attentional bias training and repeated exposure could reduce the attentional bias of anxious individuals to the negative faces. The training effect in one set of negative faces could transfer to another set of facial stimuli,but could not transfer to word stimuli task.

关 键 词：焦虑 注意偏向 注意偏向训练 空间线索范式 实验心理学 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]