从语言学理论角度看反训问题  

A Linguistic Perspective of Enantiosemy

作　　者：金小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学教务处,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第3期85-90,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：词的同一性是分析反训问题的关键。应该从理论上区分语言和言语,把词义理解为语言系统中客观的、概括的、稳定的意义,而不是在具体使用中所表现出来的具体的、临时性的意义;词是共时态的语言系统的基本单位,词义是共时态词义系统的产物,词义的形成受词义彼此之间关系的制约,不能混淆语言的共时态和历时态;语言和文字是两个不同的符号系统,应该把作为书写符号的字与这个字所代表的词语区别开来,不能以字为单位来解释反训现象;不同的语言具有不同的系统性,反训现象不能用不同的语言来类比;词义的发展变化也是有理据的,词义引申不可能产生反义。所以,从语言学理论的角度来看,反训是不存在的。The identity of words is the key to analyzing enantiosemy .Language and speech should be distinguished theoretically .The word-meaning should be interpreted as the objective , general and stable significance of the language system rather than the specific and temporary significance expressed in specific use . Word is the basic unit of the synchronic language system; the word-meaning is the product of the synchronic meaning system;the formation of word-meaning is restricted by the relationship between different words , and the synchronicity and diachronicity of language should not be lumped together .Language and characters belong to two different sign systems , and so it is necessary to distinguish the character as a written symbol from the word it represents;the phenomenon of enantiosemy should not be explained in the unit of the character .As different languages have different systemic properties , enantiosemy should not be addressed via analogies among different languages .As the development and change of word-meaning is motivated , its extension and derivation cannot produce antonyms .Judging from the perspective of linguistic theories , therefore, enantiosemy does not exist .

关 键 词：训诂学 反训 语言学理论 词义 词的同一性 索绪尔 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]