轮轨润滑对40 m半穿式钢桁梁横向拍振抑制效果的试验研究  

Testing Research on Restraint to Railway Steel Bridge Cross Beating Vibration by Wheel-rail Lubricating

作　　者：刘汉夫[1] 黎国清[1] 宣言[1] 

机构地区：[1]铁道部科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2001年第4期58-62,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科学研究院科技发展基金项目 (2 0 0 0YJ0 8)

摘　　要：中等跨度单线钢梁在货车提速至 6 0km·h- 1 以上时横向出现拍波振动 ,这是货车提速中钢梁出现的一个普遍性问题 ,是货车转向架在临界速度下横向出现摆振、且摆振频率与钢梁横向有载频率相接近的结果。抑制这种拍波振动的关键在于降低这两种频率段相重合的概率 ,而由于钢梁主板或主桁间距的固定不变 ,普通的横向加固措施抑制这种拍波振动的效果并不显著。本文根据轮轨摩擦与车辆横向振动性能的相关性原理 ,通过实桥 (沪杭线桥 78A、 40m半穿式单线钢桁梁桥 )轮轨润滑前、润滑后货车作用下桥梁横向振动的实测对比分析 ,定性与定量地证明了轮轨润滑对该类桥梁横向拍波振动起明显的抑制作用 ,其作用机理是 :轮轨润滑使得货车转向架临界速度向后延迟 ,消除了润滑前转向架横向在该速度下将要出现的摆振激励 ,也就消除了车 -桥系统在该速度下横向振动起拍的可能。这对货车转向架横向摆振的深入认识、探索铁路桥梁横向减振的新思路。When the speed of freight trains is over 60 km·h -1 ,the cross beating vibration is present to steel bridge of medium span on single line. It is an ubiquitous issue to the on-going speed raise of freight trains. When the critical speed of the three-piece bogie is achieved,a sort of sustained lateral vibration of the bogie appears. And the cross beating vibration is a result of the approach of the two kinds of frequency(namely the frequency of the lateral vibration of the bogie and the one of the loading natural frequency of cross direction of the bridge). So the key of restraint to the beating vibration is the debasement of the probability of superposition of the two kinds of frequency. Due to the fixation of the interval between the two main girder,the effect of restraint to the beating vibration of ecumenical lateral reinforce is not distinct. In this paper,basing on the correlativity between wheel-rail lubricating and the capability of lateral vibration of the freight bogie,by a testing about cross vibration(before and after wheel-rail lubricating)of the Bridge 78A on HuHang Line (40 m, half-through steel girder),it is proved that wheel-rail lubricating can effectively restrain the cross beating vibration. The operation mechanism is that wheel-rail lubricating can bring a delay to the critical speed of the freight bogie. It is the wheel-rail lubricating that dispels the possibility of cross beating vibration at the speed. To the embedded understanding about lateral vibration of the freight bogie, and to exploring a new method of restraint to cross vibration of steel bridge and to driving the technique of simulation of vehicle-bridge cross vibration to rationality and practicability,this conclusion has an important theoretical meaning.

关 键 词：半穿式钢桁梁 轮轨润滑 振动抑制 走行安全性 铁路桥 货车 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U441.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]