相对论热力学的哈密顿函数  

HAMILTONIAN FUNCTION IN RELATIVISTIC THERMODYNAMICS

作　　者：张有生[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中理工大学汉口分校,武汉430012

出　　处：《物理与工程》2001年第2期16-19,41,共5页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：Ｐｌａｎｃｋ－Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ的相对论热力学理论一直存在着争议，特别是它是否遵守动量－能量守恒定律．本文从热力学的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ函数，导出了对应的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ 函数．Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ函数的意义极为明确，它包含了环境对体系作用的耦合能量．在一般情况下，不是体系的能量，而是 Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ量，和动量组成了四维矢量． 这不仅证明了 Ｐ－Ｅ理论是符合守恒定律的，而且扩展了这一理论．The theory of relativistic thermodynamics proposed by Planck and Einstein has been so much argued, especially on whether it obeys the conservation law of momentum--energy. From the Lagrangian function of thermodynamics, this article derives the corresponding Hamiltonian function. The meaning of the Hamiltonian function is very clear. It concludes the coupled energy, with which the environment acts upon the system. Under general conditions, it is not the energy, but the Hamiltonian, combined with the momentum, that forms the four-dimensional vector. This not only proves that the P-E theory is consistent with the conservation law, but also extends the theory.

关 键 词：相对论 热力学 LAGRANGE函数 HAMILTON函数 守恒定律 P-E理论 四维矢量 热力学势 温度 Lorentz收缩 

分 类 号：O414.1[理学—理论物理] O412.1[理学—物理]