采摘后果实病害生物防治拮抗菌的筛选和分离  

Isolation and screening of biocontrol antagonists of diseases of postharvest fruits

作　　者：范青[1] 田世平[1] 姜爱丽[1] 徐勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2001年第4期313-316,共4页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39870460);中国科学院生命科学与生物技术创新青年科学家小组资助项目

摘　　要：从保存的以及从桃果实表面和伤口上分离获得的拮抗菌中筛选出了10余株能有效地防治采摘后果实病害的拮抗菌.结果表明,保存的洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)、季也蒙假丝酵母(Candida guiliermondii)、柠檬形克勒克酵母(Kloeckera apiculata)、汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B-912等5种拮抗菌对甜樱桃褐腐病都表现出显著的抑制效果,其中枯草芽孢杆菌、季也蒙假丝酵母可完全抑制病害的发生;季也蒙假丝酵母和柠檬形克勒克酵母能有效地防治核果类果实采摘后软腐病.从桃果实表面分离到的隐球酵母(Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner)和丝孢酵母(Trichosporon sp.)能防治苹果灰霉病和青霉病,而从桃果实伤口处分离到的膜醭毕赤酵母(Pichia membranefaciens hansen)则对核果类果实软腐病有较好的抑制作用.在分离的细菌中,B8对褐腐病和软腐病的抑制作用最好,Bw6和Bw7可抑制褐腐病的发生,Bw10则对软腐病有显著的抑制作用.More than 10 strains of antagonists which can effectively control postharvest diseases of fruits were screened out from antagonists stored or isolated from surface and wound of peach fruits. Results showed that five stored antagonists (Burkholderia cepacia, Candida guiliermondii, Kloeckera apiculata, Debaryomyces han-senii, Bacillus subtilis) could effectively inhibit brown rot of sweet cherry fruit, among which Bacillus subtilis and Candida guiliermondii could entirely inhibit the disease. Candida guiliermondii and Kloeckera apiculata provided effective control of rhizopus rot of postharvest stone fruits. Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner and Trichosporon sp., both isolated from surface of peach fruits, could control gray mold and blue mold of apple fruits; Pichia membranefaciens hansen, isolated from wounds of peach fruits, inhibited rhizopus rot of stone fruit well. Among the bacterial isolated, B8 greatly inhibited rhizopus rot and brown rot, while Bw6 and Bw7 prevented brown rot and Bw10 could also significantly inhibit rhizopus rot.

关 键 词：果实 采后病害 生物防治 拮抗菌 筛选 分离 保藏 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]