日本高等教育改革:回顾与展望  

Higher education reform in Japan: Its retrospect and prospect

作　　者：马越彻[1] 胡建华[2] 

机构地区：[1]名古屋大学教育学部 [2]南京大学高等教育研究所,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《高等教育研究》2002年第1期94-99,共6页Journal of Higher Education

摘　　要：日本高等教育正面临着 1 2 0年来从未有过的危机。虽然日本高等教育在第二次世界大战后实现了民主高等教育体制下的大众化 ,但是今天它却缺少 2 1世纪全球化时代所必需的国际竞争力。此外 ,近年来 1 8岁人口的急剧减少 ,也严重影响了依赖学费办学的私立大学的经营状况。在这样一种困难的局面下 ,日本文部科学省出台了“大学结构改革方针”(2 0 0 1年 6月 ) ,其主要内容包括国立大学的重组及“法人化”和建立大学的外部评价体制。Japanese higher education is facing an unprecedented crisis in its 120 years history. Although the massification of the higher education was achieved under the democratized higher education system after the World War II, the present Japanese higher education lacks an international competitiveness in request in 21 century \| an era of globalization. And the dramatic decrease of the 18\|year\|old population hit the management of private colleges and universities dependent on students' tuition. Under such a difficult situation the Japanese Education Ministry issued the 'Restructuring of the Japanese higher education' (2001.6) which included a policy agenda of restructuring national universities into 'legal corporations' and the introduction of an external evaluation for each institutions.

关 键 词：日本 高等教育 “一般教育” 研究生教育 教育改革 评价机制 教育体制 

分 类 号：G649.313[文化科学—高等教育学]