计算机模拟环境中的科学发现学习——过程、条件与学习支持  

Simulation-based Scientific Discovery Learning: The InnerConditions and Learning Support

作　　者：张建伟[1] 陈琦[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学电教中心现代教育技术研究所,北京100084 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2002年第3期92-98,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：如何在计算机模拟情境中嵌入有效的学习支持是当前研究者关注的一个重要问题。科学发现学习活动中有三种基本活动线索:问题表征与假设生成、实验检验、自我监控与反思概括。这种学习活动可能主要受三个内在条件的制约:意义性、系统逻辑性和反思概括,据此,针对计算机模拟环境中的学习支持可以包括三个侧面:解释性支持、实验性支持和反省性支持。In the field of simulation-based scientific discovery learning, it is a focus to embed learningsupport into simulation environment. On the basis of relevant theories, this research hypothesizes that threeinterrelated main conditions may constrain the effect of scientific discovery learning: the meaningfulness,systematical 1ogicality of discovery activities and the reflective generalization over the discovery processes.Three types of learning supports are designed accordingly, (a) interpretative support that helpes learnerswith know1edge access and the generation of integrative understanding, (b) experimental support thatscaffolds learners in the systematic and logical design of experiments, the prediction and observation ofoutcomes, and the drawing of conclusions, and (c) reflective support that increases learners' self-awarenessof the thinking and understanding processes and prompts their ref1ective abstraction and integration.

关 键 词：科学发现学习 计算机模拟 学习支持 反思概括 问题表征 实验检验 自我监控 假设 

分 类 号：G43[文化科学—教育学] G40-057[文化科学—教育技术学]