Effects of histone acetylation and DNA methylation on p21^(WAF1)regulation  

作　　者：FangJY LuYY 

机构地区：[1]RenjiHospital,ShanghaiInstituteofDigestiveDisease,ShanghaiSecondMedicalUniversity,Shanghai,China [2]BeijingCancerInstitute,BeijingUniversity,Beijing100000

出　　处：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》2002年第3期400-405,共6页世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）

摘　　要：Cell cycle progression is regulated by interactions between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). p21(WAF1) is one of the CIP/KIP family which inhibits CDKs activity. Increased expression of p21(WAF1) may play an important role in the growth arrest induced in transformed cells. Although the stability of the p21( WAF1) mRNA could be altered by different signals, cell differentiation and numerous influencing factors. However, recent studies suggest that two known mechanisms of epigenesis, i.e.gene inactivation by methylation in promoter region and changes to an inactive chromatin by histone deacetylation, seem to be the best candidate mechanisms for inactivation of p21( WAF1). To date, almost no coding region p21(WAF1) mutations have been found in tumor cells, despite extensive screening of hundreds of various tumors. Hypermethylation of the p21(WAF1) promoter region may represent an alternative mechanism by which the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene can be inactivated. The reduction of cellular DNMT protein levels also induces a corresponding rapid increase in the cell cycle regulator p21(WAF1) protein demonstrating a regulatory link between DNMT and p21(WAF1) which is independent of methylation of DNA. Both histone hyperacetylation and hypoacetylation appear to be important in the carcinoma process, and induction of the p21(WAF1) gene by histone hyperacetylation may be a mechanism by which dietary fiber prevents carcinogenesis. Here, we review the influence of histone acetylation and DNA methylation on p21(WAF1) transcription, and affection of pathways or factors associated such as p 53, E2A, Sp1 as well as several histone deacetylation inhibitors.Cell cycle progression is regulated by interactions betweencyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). p21wAF1 is oneof the CIP/KIP family which inhibits CDKs activity. Increasedexpression of p21WAF1 may play an important role in thegrowth arrest induced in transformed calls. Although thestability of the p21wAF1 mRNA could be altered by differentsignals, cell differentiation and numerous influencingfactors. However, recent studies suggest that two knownmechanisms of epigenesis, i. e. gene inactivation bymethylation in promoter region and changes to an inactivechromatin by histone deacetylation, seem to be the bestcandidate mechanisms for inactivation of p21WAF1. To date,almost no coding region p21wAF1 mutations have been foundin tumor cells, despite extensive screening of hundreds ofvarious tumors. Hypermethylation of the p21WAF1 promoterregion may represent an alternative mechanism by which thep21WAF1/ClPl gene can be inactivated. The reduction of cellularDNMT protein levels also induces a corresponding rapidincrease in the cell cycle regulator p21wAF1 proteindemonstrating a regulatory link between DNMT and p21WAF1which is independent of methylation of DNA. Both histonehyperacetylation and hypoacetylation appear to be importantin the carcinoma process, and induction of the p21WAF1 geneby histone hyperacetylation may be a mechanism by whichdietary fiber prevents carcinogenesis. Here, we review theinfluence of histone acetylation and DNA methylation onp21WAF1 transcription, and affection of pathways or factorsassociated such as p53, E2A, Sp1 as well as several histonedeacetylation inhibitors.

关 键 词：DNA Methylation DNA-Binding Proteins Acetylation ACETYLTRANSFERASES Base Sequence Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Cell Cycle Proteins Cell Transformation  Neoplastic CpG Islands Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 CYCLINS DNA Histone Acetyltransferases HISTONES Humans Molecular Sequence Data Nuclear Proteins Signal Transduction Sp1 Transcription Factor TRANS-ACTIVATORS Transcription Factors 

分 类 号：Q342.2[生物学—遗传学]