中国近代研究生培养的模式变迁——基于中西文化冲突与融合的视角  

Changes of the Mode of Cultivating Postgraduates in Modern China from Perspective of the Collision and Fusion of Western and Chinese Cultures

作　　者：朱文镇[1] 岳爱武[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学，南京 210044

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2014年第4期52-59,共8页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目"民国时期学位与研究生教育发展研究"(SK2012D134);中国高等教育学会"十二五"高等教育科学研究课题"知识精英的文化选择与中国近代高等教育思想发展脉络研究"(11ZD019)

摘　　要：近代以来国门洞开,外国教育制度通过各种渠道逐渐传入中国。学习西方资本主义国家的教育经验,在中国建立近代学制,开展研究生教育,是中国新式教育事业发展的实际需要。甲午战败后,研究生教育仿效日本模式,壬寅学制和癸卯学制奠定了中国近代学制和研究生教育的基础。辛亥革命成功后,研究生教育嫁接德国模式,教育部先后颁行壬子学制和癸丑学制,仿效德国洪堡式大学中以导师指导为主的研究生培养制度。20世纪20年代以后,研究生教育移植美国模式,美式的研究生培养制度集中体现在1931年草拟、1935年修改颁布的《学位授予法》中。近代高等教育学习对象和仿效模式的频繁转换,实际上蕴含着中西学术文化的持续冲突。至今,中西学术文化尚未真正融合,中国大学的现代化仍在进行之中。Since the opening of China in modern times, foreign educational systems have been spread into China through multiple channels. The development of Chinese modern education needs educational experience from the western capitalist countries, the establishment of the modern academic system, and the development of postgraduate education. After the failure in the Sino-Japanese war, the Japanese mode of postgraduate education was copied by China. Ren-Yin schooling system and Gui-Mao schooling system laid the foundation of Chinese modern schooling system and postgraduate education. After the Revolution of 1911, the German method of post-graduate education was followed by China, when Ren-Zi educational system and Gui-Chou schooling system were enforced and the instructor-centered method from Humboldt-University zu Berlin was copied. Since the 1920s, the American mode of postgraduate education was adopted by China, which could be seen in the Degree Conferment Law drafted in 1931 and modified and issued in 1935. The frequent changes in learning objects and patterns of higher education in modern China revealed the constant collision between western and Chinese cul-tures. Even today, the fusion of western and Chinese cultures has not been completed and the modernization of Chinese universities is still underway.

关 键 词：研究生教育 研究生培养制度 中国近代高等教育 文化冲突与融合 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学] K25[文化科学—教育学]