利用CO_2检测法监测大型粮仓储粮的虫霉危害  

MONITORING INSECTS AND MOULDS OF STORED GRAIN IN WAREHOUSE BY DETECTING CARBON DIOXIDE

作　　者：翟焕趁[1] 张帅兵[1] 蔡静平[1] 蒋澎[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学生物工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期17-21,共5页Journal of Henan University of Technology：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助(2013CB127804);国家自然科学基金资助(31271948)

摘　　要：在装粮高度为6 m的大型粮仓中进行粮堆内CO2气体浓度监测试验,研究小麦自身呼吸及昆虫和霉菌活动产生CO2气体的特点.结果表明,安全水分小麦呼吸水平较低,6个月中检测的CO2浓度最高值仅为0.06%.昆虫活动可显著提高粮堆中的CO2气体浓度,4头/kg昆虫可使粮堆下层的CO2气体浓度升高至2%以上.在粮堆中埋设20 kg水分20%以上的小麦作为模拟霉变品,监测霉菌活动产生的CO2气体浓度,结果发现,1 d后距霉变点上下0.5 m的部位CO2气体浓度分别升高了4.3和3.0倍,3 d后距霉变点水平距离2 m的部位CO2气体浓度升高了2.9倍;与粮堆测温方法相比,当模拟霉变点的温度随着霉菌的活动升高16℃时,水平相距1 m和2m的部位未检测到温度的显著变化(p>0.05).因此,在粮仓中采用测定CO2气体的方法监测虫霉活动可显著提高监测灵敏度.A carbon dioxide concentration monitoring test was carried out in large warehouses with a 6-m wheat bulk to study the characteristics of carbon dioxide generated by wheat respiration and the activities of insects and moulds. The results showed that the wheat with safe moisture content had a low respiration level,and the highest value was only 0.06% in six months. The activities of insects could significantly improve carbon dioxide concentration in the wheat bulk;the carbon dioxide concentration in the lower layer of the wheat bulk could rise to above 2% in the wheat bulk with an insect density of 4 adult/kg. A 20 kg wheat sample with moisture content of above 20% was buried in the wheat bulk to monitor carbon dioxide generated by the mould activity;and the results showed that the carbon dioxide concentration was respectively improved by 4.3 times and 3.0 times at positions with 0.5 m distance above and below the mildewing point after one day,and the carbon dioxide concentration was improved by 2.9 times at a position with 2 m horizontal distance from the mildewing point after three days;and significant temperature change was not detected at positions with 1 m and 2 m horizontal distances from the mildewing point when the temperature of the simulated point rose 16 ℃ along with the mould activity. Therefore,the carbon dioxide monitoring method could significantly improve the insect and mould detection sensitivity.

关 键 词：二氧化碳 真菌 昆虫 监测 储粮 

分 类 号：S379.5[农业科学—农产品加工]