高等教育借助在线发展已成不可逆转的趋势——美国在线教育11年系列报告的综合分析及启示  

Irreversible Online Development of Higher Education:Systematic Analysis of 11-Year Sloan Consortium Report Series on Online Education in the US

作　　者：朱永海[1] 韩锡斌[1] 杨娟[1] 程建钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2014年第4期92-100,共9页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：教育部-中国移动科研基金项目"教育信息化理论研究"(MCM20121011)

摘　　要：斯隆联盟连续十一年发布美国在线教育调查报告显示,高校在线教育保持稳定发展的态势,表现为:在线课程注册学生数持续增长,在线教育质量逐渐被院校主管认同,大多数院校将在线教育作为长期发展战略,半数以上院校提供在线学位;高校在线教育实践体现出了性质、规模和层次方面的差异性;在线教育发展的主要障碍是:在线课程学生的低保持率,学生需要有较强的自律能力,教师缺乏对在线教育的认同与投入,用人单位对在线教育缺乏认可等。MOOCs等热点事件对在线教育有积极的推动作用,但左右不了在线教育整体发展态势,也不能解决其面临的主要障碍。在线教育发展需要站在数字化知识经济时代人才培养转型的高度,从整体上认识其重要性;热点事件经过短暂的"扰动"之后最终将回归到整体发展轨道;各类院校应尊重在线教育规律,结合自身目标和特点选择不同发展道路;中国在线教育需要更加全面系统深入的跟踪研究。Surveys conducted by the Sloan Consortium revealed that online education in the United States has maintained a stable development in the past eleven consecutive years.As shown in the report series,online enrollments have increased at rates far in excess of the overall rates of higher education;the majority of academic leaders rated learning outcomes in online education as the same as or superior to those in face-to-face instruction;most higher education institutions reported online education was critical to their long-term strategy;more than half of the institutions have offered online degrees.At the same time,different institutions （in size,level,and class）held different views towards online in-struction.The main obstacles to the development of online education are still there：lack of faculty ac-ceptance,need for more discipline on the part of online students,lower retention rates,and lack of rec-ognition of online education by employers.Although hot spots like MOOCs may be viewed as a catalyst for further integration of technology with education,they could neither change the development trend, nor overcome the obstacles to online education.The analysis results of this study indicate that the na-ture and trajectory of online education should be understood from the holistic perspective of education transition in the digital knowledge-economy era.Those hot spots would be positioned eventually in the systems of online courses and online education after making short-time “disturbance”.Higher education institutions need to develop objectives and trajectories for online educations based on their own require-ments and characteristics.In addition,online education in China needs to be investigated with long-term tracking studies.

关 键 词：高等教育 在线教育 美国斯隆联盟报告 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]