养气:良知与正义感的培养  

Cultivating Courage:Cultivating Intuition of Goodness and Sense of Justice

作　　者：黄玉顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2014年第6期14-20,共7页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金规划项目"中国古典制度伦理学研究"(批准号10BZX032);山东大学儒学高等研究院重大项目"中国正义论--中国古典制度伦理学系列研究"中期成果

摘　　要：孟子所说的"气"或"浩然之气",也叫"正气",是一种情绪体验,而"夜气"是一种比喻。这种情绪体验来自一种内在感受,即通常所谓"正义感",孟子谓之"是非之心"。这种内在感受来自一种关于是非曲直的直觉判断能力,这是孟子"良知"观念的涵义之一。这种直觉判断能力源于人们在共同生活中形成的共通的是非观念,而这种生活即孟子所说的"居"、"养"。所谓"养气",就是在生活中自觉地培养这种是非观念以及相应的直觉判断能力、内在感受能力、情绪体验能力。In Mencius words, the ＂qi＂ or ＂hao ran zhi qi＂ （awe-inspiring courage）, which is also called ＂zheng qi＂ （righteous courage） is a kind of emotional experience, while the ＂ye qi＂ （night courage） is a metaphor of it. The emotional experience comes from an inner sense which is usually called ＂sense of justice＂ and Mencius called it ＂shi fei zhi xin＂ （the sense of right and wrong） . The inner sense stems from an intuitive ability of judgment about what is right, which is one of the meanings of Mencius＇ ＂liang zhi＂ （intuition of goodness） . The intuitive ability of judgment is based upon the common concept about right and wrong, which originates from people＇s common life that is called ＂ju＂ （inhabitation） or ＂yang＂ （cultivation） by Mencius. So-called ＂yang qi＂ （cultivating courage） means to cultivate consciously the concept about right and wrong and the abilities of the intuitive judgment, the inner sense and the emotional experience.

关 键 词：孟子 养气 夜气 良知 正义感 是非感 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]