字谜与远距离联想解决中认知成分的比较  

The Common and Distinct Cognitive Processes Underlying Chinese Logogriphs and Remote Associate Test

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 陈群林[1] 贾磊[2] 张庆林[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学,重庆400715 [2]浙江工业大学教科学院,杭州310012

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第1期139-145,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"科学发明中顿悟的原型启发认识神经机制"(31170983;31470981)的资助

摘　　要：采用自发顿悟范式，通过事件相关电位（ERPs）探讨字谜和远距离联想两类顿悟问题解决中的认知差异。结果发现，两类任务的正确反应时均在4000ms左右；解决两类任务的初期都在170ms时出现了正成分，且两类任务在此成分上没有显著差异；在600-700ms内，字谜比RAT诱发了一个更正的ERP成分，主要激活了中后部的脑区；在按键前的800-400ms内，字谜较RAT在右前额诱发了更正的脑电成分。结果表明，字谜顿悟和RAT顿悟存在相似的加工过程，但由于两类任务的难度和解题策略不同，在重构阶段和啊哈体验上的认知成分存在差异。Cognitive insight phenomenon is one of the core components of creativity. Depending on brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） or electrophysiological measures such as event-related potentials （ERPs）, neural correlates study of insight has been developed rapidly in the past ten years. Numerous valuable studies have adopted RAT （CRAT） or the Chinese logogriph to explore the neural basis of insightful problem solving. Although the two style tests have been viewed as excellent materials, most studies using RAT or logogriph fail to report consistent findings. Inconsistent findings may come from such different control variables as analysis method and experiment paradigm. We think that the two style tests based on different cultures may have similar cognitive processes, but distinct cognitive components would exist in the two style cognitive insights. To explore the common and distinct cognitive component underlying logogriph and remote associated tests, we selected the Chinese remote associated test （CRAT） and logogriph of Chinese characters as the materials and adopted the spontaneous insight within-task comparison paradigm in the study. Fourteen participants （6 males） were recruited in the ERP experiment. Each trial began with a central fixation cross for 500ms, and then the insight questions （logogriph or RAT） were presented in the center of screen for 10 seconds. Participants were instructed to try to work out the solution to the question within this 10ms. After a 500ms fixation cross, the possible answer or solution to the question was then presented in the center of the screen for 3 seconds, followed by a random interval ranging from 300 to 500ms. Participants were required to press the ＂1＂ or ＂2＂ key of the number keyboard to indicate whether they got the right answers. If they had the answers but they might not be correct, they were asked to press ＂1＂ key with their index finger of right hand; if they did not have an answer, they did no

关 键 词：顿悟 字谜 远距离联想 ERP 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]