负性情绪词语在外显和内隐记忆测验中的定向遗忘效应  

The Directed Forgetting of Negative Words in Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests

作　　者：王黎静[1] 杨丽娴[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理学系,学习与认知重点实验室,北京100048 [2]福建师范大学心理学系,福州350117

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2015年第1期13-17,30,共6页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：福建省教育厅社会科学研究A类项目(JA13092S);福建省教育科学“十二五”规划2013年度课题(FJJKCG13-122)

摘　　要：以两类具有不同负性情绪强度值的高频汉语双字词为材料,采用项目法定向遗忘范式,探究负性情绪词语在外显和内隐记忆测验中是否存在定向遗忘效应。结果显示,(1)在外显记忆测验中,强、弱负性词均出现了显著的定向遗忘并且弱负性词的定向遗忘效应大于强负性词;(2)在内隐记忆测验中,只有弱负性词出现了显著的定向遗忘,而强负性词则无。可见,内隐记忆测验中的定向遗忘效应对负性信息比外显记忆测验更加敏感。The experiment examined the directed forgetting effect of negative memories in explicit and implicit test by means of word method. We used two kinds of negative emotional words, negative ones and more negative ones, as materials. The results showed： 1） In the explicit memory tests, there was significant directed forgetting effect. And, the directed forgetting effect appeared in the negative emotional words was greater than that in the more negative ones. 2） In the implicit memory tests, there was also significant directed forgetting effect observed, but only in the negative emotional words. Accordingly, implicit memory test was more sensitive to the valence of the negative words than the explicit memory test.

关 键 词：负性情绪 外显记忆测验 内隐记忆测验 定向遗忘效应 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]