大学生发散性思维与创造力倾向的相关研究  

A correlation study on divergent thinking and creative potential of college students

作　　者：李婷婷[1] 付秋芳[1] 傅小兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,脑与认知科学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2015年第2期166-168,共3页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

摘　　要：目的 通过发散思维任务和创造力倾向测试,探讨大学生创造力的特点和心理机制.方法 采用简单随机抽样方法,选取150名在校大学生进行三种发散思维任务（非常规任务、举例任务、结果任务）和威廉斯创造力倾向测验.结果 同种发散思维任务流畅性、灵活性和独创性的得分呈正相关（P＜0.01）,不同发散思维任务在流畅性和灵活性上呈正相关（流畅性：r=0.22,P＜0.01;r=0.47,P＜0.01;r=0.26,P＜0.01;灵活性：r=0.26,P＜0.01;r=0.28,P＜0.01;r=0.18,P＜0.05）,但在独创性上相关不显著;不同任务的流畅性或灵活性得分多与想象力和冒险性相关（P＜ 0.05）,但独创性却分别与不同创造力倾向相关（举例任务的独创性与想象力：r=0.18,P＜0.05;结果任务的独创性与冒险性：r=0.26,P＜0.01;非常规用途任务的独创性与挑战性：r=0.17,P＜0.05）.结论 流畅性和灵活性反映了发散思维的一般特点,与创造力人格中的想象力和冒险性相关;独创性则反映了发散思维的特殊性质,与创造力人格四个子维度的关系依据任务的不同而不同.Objective To investigate characteristics and psychological mechanisms of creativity of college students by using divergent thinking tasks and creativity potential test.Methods Totally 150 college students were selected and assessed with three types of open-ended divergent thinking tasks （unusual uses task,instances task,consequences task） and the Williams Scale of the Creativity Assessment Packet （CAP） in this study.The divergent productions were scored by two independent raters on fluency,originality,flexibility dimension,and the CAP results were analyzed on risk-taking,curiosity,imagination and complexity.Results （1） The results showed that scores on fluency,flexibility,and originality correlated with each other on each of the three different divergent thinking tasks （P〈0.01）.（2） Scores on fluency and flexibility among the three different divergent thinking tasks significantly correlated with each other （fluency：r=0.22,P〈0.01; r=0.47,P〈0.01 ; r=0.26,P〈0.01 ;flexibility：r=0.26,P〈0.01 ; r=0.28,P〈0.01 ; r=0.18,P〈0.05）,while the correction coefficients of scores on originality among the three tasks were not significant.（3） Most scores of fluency or flexibility of different tasks were significandy correlated with risk-taking and imagination （P〈0.05）,while originality was correlated with different creativity potentials on each task （originality of instances task and imagination：r=0.18,P〈0.05 ; originality of consequences task and risk-taking：r=0.26,P〈0.01 ; originality of unusual uses task and complexity：r=0.17,P〈0.05）.Conclusion The results suggest that fluency and flexibility are the general characteristics of divergent thinking,which are associated with imagination and adventure,while originality is specific nature of divergent thinking,which is associated with various creative potentials according to the tasks.

关 键 词：发散思维 创造力 结果任务 举例任务 非常规用途任务 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]