车轮状态变化对重载货车轮轨作用力影响  

Effect of wheel state variation on face between wheel and rail of a heavy wagon

作　　者：杨亮亮[1] 罗世辉[1] 傅茂海[2] 黄晓翠[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2014年第3期110-116,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51005190)

摘　　要：重载货车在实际的生产及服役条件下,轮轨之间的相互作用不仅受各种轨道不平顺激励的影响,也会受到车轮状态变化的激励作用。从车轮运行状态的角度研究重载货车轮轨间相互作用,分别以车轮磨耗前后踏面形状、车轮多边形化、车轮质量偏心和轮对结构变形四种车轮运行状态来模拟分析车轮各状态参数与轮轨垂向作用力的关系,并总结其影响规律。研究表明:车轮踏面形状主要影响轮轨接触斑面积以及接触应力分布,磨耗后车轮比新轮的接触应力分布范围更广泛;在不同速度下,车轮多边形化的波深、相位差及谐波阶数对轮轨垂向力产生不同程度的影响;车轮质量偏心对轮轨产生周期性垂向冲击,但振动幅度并不大;轮对挠度的动态变化对轮轨动态接触载荷影响比较显著,尤其是轮对结构弯曲振动加剧了轮轨垂向动作用力。In actual production and service conditions of a heavy wagon,the wheel/rail interaction is influenced not only by incentive effects from all kinds of track irregularity,but also by incentive effects from variation of wheel state. Here,from the perspective of wheel running state,change and trend of wheel/rail interaction was studied based on parameters of wheel states including wheel tread shape,wheel polygonization,wheel eccentric mass and wheelset structural deformation.The result indicated that wheel tread shape affects area of contact spot and distribution of contact stress;under different speeds,depth,phase and order of wheel polygonization have different influences on vertical wheel/rail force;wheel eccentric mass leads to periodic vertical impacts between wheel and rail,but the amplitude of vibration is not large;the effect of dynamic varying of wheelset＇s deflection on the wheel/rail dynamic contact load is remarkable, especially,structural bending vibration of wheelset intensifies the vertical wheel/rail interaction force.

关 键 词：重载货车 轮轨作用力 踏面形状 车轮多边形化 车轮偏心 弹性轮对 

分 类 号：U213.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]