中国内地与香港中小学教师的工作特征  

Job characteristics of primary and secondary school teachers between China's Mainland and Hong Kong

作　　者：齐亚静[1,2] 伍新春[1] 胡博[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院、应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]中国青年政治学院青少年研究院,北京100089 [3]北京市第一七一中学,北京100013

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2015年第4期295-300,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学“十一五”规划项目(06AgJY0006)“中小学教师的工作特征与其职业心理健康的关系研究”

摘　　要：目的:探讨中国内地和香港中小学教师工作特征的现状与差异,为两地教师的工作特征改善提供依据。方法:选取两地教师共504名(内地教师242名,香港教师262名),采用中小学教师工作特征问卷(JCS-PSST,包括工作要求和工作资源2个分问卷,每个分问卷各含6个因子)进行问卷调查。结果:两地教师工作要求和工作资源得分均高于中位数3。香港教师的工作负荷、情绪要求、学生不良行为、角色压力及硬件条件、自主控制、工作回报得分均高于内地教师,而同事支持得分则低于内地教师(均P<0.05)。内地教师的工作负荷和职业道德要求存在性别差异,工作负荷、职业道德要求、组织支持、同事支持、硬件条件和工作意义存在教龄差异(均P<0.05),而香港教师则是组织支持、硬件条件和工作回报存在学段差异(均P<0.05)。结论:两地教师的工作特征均属于"高要求-高资源"类型,但在"高"的程度以及人口统计学特点上存在差异。Objective： To discuss the situation and differences of primary and secondary school teachers＇ job characteristics betw een China's Mainland and Hong Kong in order to provide the basis for improvement of job characteristics.Methods： A total of 504 teachers（ 242 in China's Mainland and 262 in Hong Kong） w ere chosen to complete the Job Characteristics Scale of Primary and Secondary School Teachers（ including job demands sub-questionnaire of six factors and job resources sub-questionnaire of six factors）.Results： Teachers＇ job demands and job resources scores in both tw o areas w ere higher than the median 3.The scores of w orkload,emotional demands,student＇ s misbehavior,role stress,and hard w are conditions,autonomy,w ork rew ard of Hong Kong teachers w ere higher than China's Mainland teachers（ Ps〈0.05）,w hile the cow orker support score w as opposite.In addition,there w ere gender difference in w orkload and occupation moral requirements in China's Mainland（ Ps〈0.05）,as w ell as w ork age difference in w orkload,occupation moral requirements,organizational support,cow orker support,hardw are conditions and w ork rew ard,w hile school stage difference in organizational support,hardw are conditions and w ork rew ard in Hong Kong（ Ps〈0.05）.Conclusion： It suggests that teachers＇ job characteristics are both ＂high demandshigh resources＂ type in the tw o areas,but the ＂high＂ degree and the demographic characteristics are different.

关 键 词：中小学教师 工作特征 工作要求 工作资源 比较 现况调查 

分 类 号：G443[哲学宗教—心理学]