什么是“好”教学:教学伦理概念辨析——基于赫尔巴特“教育性教学”的视角  

What is Good Teaching: Analyzing the Concept of Teaching Ethics Based on Herbart's Concept of Educational Teaching

作　　者：潘小春[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2015年第5期50-54,共5页Theory and Practice of Education

摘　　要：教学伦理是"以学生为中心"教学的应有之义,但尚存在概念不清晰的问题,因此,应对概念进行厘清。赫尔巴特的"教育性教学"思想是易与之混淆的概念之一。同时,赫尔巴特的教学思想一度被误认为与"以学生为中心"的教学思想相悖。事实上,二者之间既有区别又有联系。"教育性教学"思想侧重于强调教学具有道德目的,而教学伦理强调教学本身的合伦理性;前者侧重从教师的角度关注学生的知识学习与道德发展,后者从师生互动的角度关注教学中师生的共同发展;前者在一定程度上也体现了学生的主体性,并非完全以知识为中心、以教师为中心,后者更为强调"以学生为中心",强调建立教学中师生平等、自由和人道的新型师生关系。此外,二者都重视教学的隐性德育功能,这与重知识、技能传授的传统教学观不同;"教育性教学"是"教学伦理"的必要但非充分条件。Teaching ethics is aimed at＂student-centeredness＂, but still remains unclear in its concept to some extent, so it＇s necessary to clarify its concept. J.F. Herbart＇ s＂educational teaching＂ is one of the concepts easily confused with the teaching ethics, and it was once mistakenly thought to be opposite to the teaching ideas of ＂student-centeredness＂. In fact, teaching ethics and ＂educational teaching＂ are different from each other, but are mutually related to each other at the same time. ＂Educational teaching＂ stresses the moral aim of teaching, while teaching ethics puts more emphasis on the ethics of teaching. The former pays attention to students＇ knowledge learning and moral development from the perspective of teachers, while the latter pays more attention to the joint development of teachers and students from the perspective of teacher-student interaction; the former embodies the subjectivity of students in some degree, not totally knowledge-centered and teacher-centered, while the latter puts more emphasis on the ＂student-centeredness＂, highlighting the new relations- hip between teachers and students who enjoy equality,freedom and humanity.Besides,both attach importance to the implicit function of moral education of teaching, which is different from the traditional teaching idea of valuing the impartment of knowledge and skills.＂Educational teaching＂ is the necessary but not sufficient condition of teaching ethics.

关 键 词：教学 教学伦理 教育性教学 教学道德性 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]