氨基酸发酵工业中原料替代的思考  

Alternative substrate in amino acid fermentation industry

作　　者：李燕军[1] 范晓光[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《发酵科技通讯》2015年第2期57-64,共8页Bulletin of Fermentation Science and Technology

摘　　要：在粮食危机的压力和可持续发展的要求下,寻求氨基酸发酵替代原料具有重要的意义。非粮植物原料主要包括糖类植物、淀粉植物和木质纤维素。现有加工工艺成本高且污染环境,因此,需要在"生物炼制"思想指导下,综合开发野生植物资源,发酵氨基酸的同时获取高附加值产品,既能降低成本,又避免了不必要排放带来的环境污染。木质纤维素资源经预处理和酶解工艺,产生可发酵的水解糖液,其中主要包含纤维二糖、己糖(葡萄糖)和戊糖(木糖和阿拉伯糖)。氨基酸发酵主要菌种谷氨酸棒杆菌不能利用木糖和阿拉伯糖,需要通过基因工程手段引入外源代谢途径,才能利用木质纤维素水解液中的己糖和戊糖共发酵。Under the pressure of food crisis and the develop non-grain resources as substrates for amino requirements of sustainable developments, to acid fermentation is of great importance. The main alternative plant substrates include sugar-rich plant, starch-rich plant and lignocellulose. The processing cost is high and the environment is likely to be polluted when current processing technology is employed. Therefore, the comprehensive development and the multiple utilization strategy according to the biorefinery guideline are needed, which can not only reduce the cost, but is environmental friendly. Through pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis, lignocellulosic materials can be hydrolyzed into small fermentable sugars, such as cellobiose, glucose, xylose and arabinose. Corynebacterium glutamicum, the workhorse of amino acid fermentation for decades, cannot metabolize pentoses, xylose and arabinose. Therefore, genetic engineering of this rod-shaped bacterium to make it ferment hexose and pentose simultaneously is a crucial issue for lignocellulose hy- drolysate utilization.

关 键 词：氨基酸工业 粮食危机 糖类植物 淀粉植物 木质纤维素 生物炼制 基因工程 

分 类 号：TQ922[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]