条件完美的允准条件  

The licensing conditions of conditional perfection

作　　者：吴炳章[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2015年第3期333-344,479,共12页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：条件完美是一种逻辑推理谬误。虽然语用学和认知语言学理论都能说明其合理性,但没有说明哪些条件句能允准条件完美。从概念内容上看,"if P,Q"是个构式,P与Q之间是"背景-图形"的关系。由于if条件句的语义具有极性特征,作为背景信息的P具有"真"和"假"两种状态,所以自然语言中的条件句是"前提真则结论真"、"前提假则结论假"的意义配置。研究发现,能够发生条件完美的条件句首先是实质蕴含条件句;其次,"if P,Q"在语用上具有诺成性。条件完美还受语境中利益格局的影响。如果听话人期待Q事件的发生,P则在肯定方面得到强化;如果听话人不期待Q事件的发生,P则在否定方面得到强化。Conditional perfection,which is a kind of information strengthening,is logically fallacious.Though it can be justified in pragmatics and cognitive linguistics,one question is hardly touched upon:why some conditionals license conditional perfection while others don't.It is found that‘if P,Q'is a construction with P and Q being the ground and figure respectively.The semantic polarity of‘if P'enables P as background information to presuppose the true state and the false state.It follows that‘if P,Q'in natural language is configurated as‘if P is true and Q is true'and‘if P is false and Q is false'.For the configuration to work,firstly,P describes a material condition;secondly,‘if P,Q'makes a conditional commitment and a kind of trading-off relation stands between P and Q.Besides,conditional perfection is contingent on the interest situation.When the hearer is desirous of Q,positive P will be strengthened,but when he is not desirous of Q,negative P(not P)will be strengthened.

关 键 词：IF条件句 条件完美 语用充实 实质蕴含 条件构式 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]