中华传统文化中临终关怀的独特智慧  

Unique wisdom of hospice care in Chinese traditional culture

作　　者：杜佳慧[1] 江晨曦[1] 方琼[2] 杨溢[1] 欧阳婉璐[1] 聂敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学口腔医学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉市精神卫生中心,湖北武汉430022

出　　处：《医学争鸣》2015年第2期58-62,共5页Negative

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81101221);武汉大学2013;2014年度大学生科研项目(S2013699)

摘　　要：一个民族在可利用的资源范围内能够给濒死患者提供的临终关怀,象征着这个民族的文明程度。虽然我国现代的临终关怀事业起步较晚,但是传统文化作为中华民族五千年精神活动的成果和精髓,其儒家、佛教、道教、易经和中医都有各自独特的生死智慧和临终关怀。儒家乐生安死,通过血脉相继而实现生命传承。佛教以"超越生死轮回的束缚"为目的,求生净土,离苦得乐。道家"乐死"升天,生死一体,生死俱善。易经视生死为自然。祖国医学的医家功德和不做无谓救治都对医护人员提出了相应的要求。本文希望通过对中华传统文化中的临终关怀智慧进行归纳提炼,以开创基于文化底蕴与民族个性的中国式临终关怀体系。The care that people give to dying patients, within available resources, is an indication of their degree of civilization. Contemporary hospice care started rather late in China. However, with the history of five thousand years, the Chinese traditional culture including Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Book of Changes and traditional Chinese medicine possesses wisdom of life and death and experience of hospice care. Confucianism has an optimistic attitude toward life and death, considering blood can be generation-to-generation passed to realize the continuity of life. Buddhism pursues ＂breaking the cycle of birth and death＂ and prays for ＂paradise of the west＂ and being free from all sufferings. Taoism regards life and death as a whole and has an optimistic idea that people enter paradise after death, so ＂death is good as well as life＂. The Book of Changes, as the oldest literary inscription, takes the life and death as natural. In addition, the traditional Chinese medicine has requirements for medical personnel in terms of the conception of medical contributions and ethics and the idea of avoiding meaningless treatment to dying patients. The aim of this paper is to refine the wisdom of hospice care in traditional Chinese culture, and to set up our hospice care system based on the rich cultural heritage and unique national character.

关 键 词：传统文化 临终关怀 儒家 佛教 道教 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生] R48