西方生态伦理学的自然地位之争与反思  

Debate and Reflection on Position of Nature in Western Ecological Ethics

作　　者：杨翔[1] 刁龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]泰州学院外国语学院,江苏泰州225300 [2]泰州学院马克思主义学院,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"推进公民道德建设工程研究"(12&zd036);泰州学院教授(博士)科研基金研究项目"现代性道德危机解决的道家样态"(TZXY2013JBJJ009)

摘　　要：当代的生态危机在西方伦理学界引发了非人类中心主义对人类中心主义生态观的挑战。争论双方围绕道德主体的范围和自然的道德地位展开了激烈争辩。人类中心主义墨守传统伦理观念,认为道德主体只局限于人。非人类中心主义认为道德主体还应当包括自然,它试图通过强调种际平等,把道德关怀范围扩大至非人类存在物,以解决人类面临的环境危机。通过分析、比较生态伦理学各派的主张,可以对人与自然关系有清醒认识:首先,人类要尊重非人类生命的权利;其次,应恰当处理生态系统中整体与个体的关系;最后,人类还必须对自身的认识偏见时刻保持警醒。Contemporary ecological crisis sparks the non-anthropocentrism′s challenge against anthropocentrism in western ethical community.Anthropocentrism,sticking to traditional ethical value,insists that morality subject should include only human.Non-anthropocentrism argues that morality subject should also include nature.It tries to emphasize equality between human and nature to expand ethical care from human beings to non-human beings,which therefore could help solve the environmental crisis in front of human.By analyzing the ideas held by different schools of ecological ethics,we can clearly understand the relationship between human and nature.Firstly human need to respect non-human beings′rights;secondly,it should deal with the relationship between the whole and the individual in the ecological system and finally human must beware of epistemological bias all the time.

关 键 词：人与自然 主体范围 道德地位 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]