真空与乳酸钙处理对双孢蘑菇采后贮藏品质的影响  

Effects of Calcium Salts Based on Vacuum Infiltration on Quality of Postharvest Agaricus bisporus

作　　者：陈丽娟[1] 王赵改[1] 杨慧[1] 张乐[1] 王晓敏[1] 史冠莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院农副产品加工研究所,郑州450008

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第14期2818-2826,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31101373);河南省成果转化项目(132201110030)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同浓度乳酸钙溶液对双孢蘑菇采后贮藏品质的影响,并引入真空促渗技术,为双孢蘑菇采后减损提供基础理论依据,并为优化双孢蘑菇贮藏条件提供技术支持。【方法】以‘4607’双孢蘑菇品种为试材,研究乳酸钙溶液浓度(0.016、0.032、0.048和0.064 mol·L-1)、真空度(0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07和0.09 MPa)、处理时间(0.5、1、2、3和5 min)等单因素对低温贮藏(2±1)℃双孢蘑菇白度的影响;同时对处理条件进行正交优化,运用色差仪和CO2分析仪等设备,分析最佳处理条件下的双孢蘑菇在贮藏期间生理生化指标及品质变化。【结果】在单因素条件下,筛选出合适的乳酸钙溶液浓度为0.032 mol·L-1和0.048 mol·L-1,真空度为0.05 MPa,处理时间为1—2 min;正交优化的最佳处理条件是乳酸钙浓度0.048 mol·L-1,真空度0.05 MPa,真空度处理时间2 min;在最佳处理条件的贮藏期内,相较于空白对照组,乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透组均可有效减缓双孢蘑菇生理生化指标变化及保持较好品质,但是,在一些指标上,乳酸钙真空渗透组显著优于乳酸钙处理组。与乳酸钙处理组相比,在0—9 d,白度值降低不显著(P>0.05),在9—15 d,乳酸钙真空渗透处理组效果优于乳酸钙处理组(P<0.05)。乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透处理组的双孢蘑菇均在第6天达到呼吸高峰,将呼吸高峰推迟了3 d,但乳酸钙真空渗透处理组呼吸强度显著低于乳酸钙处理组(P<0.05)。乳酸钙真空渗透处理组的失重率低于乳酸钙处理组,但两者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透处理组,从贮藏第6天之后分别有开伞现象明显增加和开始开伞,在6—15 d,乳酸钙真空渗透处理组显著低于乳酸钙处理组(P<0.05)。乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透处理组均可有效抑制膜透性的增大,在3—15 d,乳酸钙真空渗透处理组效果优于乳酸钙处理组(P<0.05【Objective】This study is aimed at investigating the effect of concentration of calcium lactate solution on the physiological and biochemical quality during postharvest of Agaricus bisporus by using the technology of vacuum infiltration and its optimization, so as to provide the guidance for storage conditions, a theoretical basis for postharvest loss and application of techniques for storage of Agaricus bisporus.【Method】 The mushroom of A. bisporus variety ‘4607’ were stored at（2±1）℃ and the effect of concentration of calcium lactate solution（0.016, 0.032, 0.048 and 0.064 mol·L-1）, vacuum degree（0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 MPa） and processing time（0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min） were determined as a single factor on the effect of browning degree. At the same time, processing conditions were optimized for orthogonality, and physiological and biochemical quality changes were obtained during storage of A. bisporus by using chromatic meter, CO2 analyzer and other equipments.【Result】Under the condition of a single factor, the appropriate concentration of calcium lactate solution was 0.032 mol·L-1 and 0.048 mol·L-1, the vacuum degree was 0.05 MPa, and the processing time was 1-2 min. The best condition of orthogonal optimization was 0.048 mol·L-1 calcium lactate solution, 0.05 MPa vacuum degree and 2 min vacuum processing time. During storage of orthogonal optimization, compared with the control group, A. bisporus in the calcium lactate treatment group and calcium lactate vacuum infiltration group could be effectively alleviated in physiological and biochemical index change and kept in good quality. However, for some indexes, calcium lactate vacuum infiltration group was significantly better than that of calcium lactate processing group. Compared with calcium lactate treatment group, during storage of 0-9 d, there was no significant difference in decrease of whiteness values between two groups（P〉0.05）, and effect of calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment was obviously bet

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 乳酸钙 真空渗透 贮藏 品质 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]