学前一年教育纳入义务教育的条件保障研究  

Research on Conditions of Bringing One-year Pre-school Education into Compulsory Education System

作　　者：刘焱[1] 康建琴[2] 涂玥[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学 [2]太原师范学院

出　　处：《教育研究》2015年第7期11-22,共12页Educational Research

基　　金：2009年国家社会科学基金教育学重点课题“学前一年教育纳入义务教育的条件保障研究”(课题批准号:AHA090006)的研究成果

摘　　要：把学前一年教育纳入义务教育,要坚持以质量为本。以学前一年教育生均运行成本和适龄儿童数作为测算学前一年教育纳入义务教育的经费需求规模和时间表的基本依据发现,以质量改善为先的"城乡差别投入"路径是目前把学前一年教育纳入义务教育适宜的路线。完善学前一年教育纳入义务教育的制度设计:构建K-2一体化教育,建立K-2一体化课程、教学和评价体系;建立一体化的K-2教师培养和管理机制;制定K-2办学条件标准和生均经费标准,办学机构与管理部门的沟通合作与协调整合。构建学前一年教育纳入义务教育的经费保障机制:建立学前一年教育的生均专项经费预算、拨款和使用制度,形成以中央和省级政府为主的投入体制,优先在中西部和贫困地区农村实施免费的学前一年教育,建立学前一年教育学籍制度和发放"学前一年教育券"。Bringing one-year pre-school education into compulsory education system should adhere to the quality orientation. The amount of public funding needed for bringing one-year pre-school education into compulsory education system based on the quality and average cost per student of the current one-year pre-school education on the different quality levels are estimated, and the rational path of bringing one-year pre-school education into compulsory education system is discussed. The results show that the differential investment according to the rural and urban areas which takes quality improvement as the priority is an appropriate path to bring one-year pre-school education into compulsory education system. The system design to bring one-year pre-school education into compulsory education should be as follows： constructing K-2 integrated education, and establishing K-2 integrated curriculum, teaching and evaluation system ; establishing K-2 integrated teacher training and managing mechanism ; formulating K-2 school-running standard and fund standard for each student. School-running organizations and administrative departments need to communicate and coordinate with each other. We should also construct fund guarantee mechanism of bringing one-year pre-school education into compulsory education, which needs to do as follows： establishing the system on special appropriation budget, allocation and utilization of each student on one-year pre-school education; the central and provincial governments should take more legislative and financial responsibilities for one-year pre-school compulsory education across the whole country; implementing free one-year pre-school education in the midwest and poor rural areas; establishing the school registration system of one-year pre-school education, and providing ＂one-year pre-school education voucher ＂.

关 键 词：学前教育 学前一年义务教育 K-2一体化教育 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]