创造性思维的性别差异  

Gender Differences in Creative Thinking

作　　者：沈汪兵[1,2] 刘昌[2] 施春华[1] 袁媛[2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院暨应用心理研究所,南京210098 [2]南京师范大学心理学院暨认知神经科学实验室,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第8期1380-1389,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省333高层次人才培养项目;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2014B15314)

摘　　要：创造性思维是推动科学技术进步和人类社会与文化发展的重要心理基础。人类两性分别在创造性思维的聚合思维和发散思维方面表现出显著的行为和神经活动差异。在发散思维方面,女性优势相对明显;但在聚合思维方面,男性具有一定优势。两性在不同类型创造性思维方面的相对优势与大脑两半球的加工优势有密切联系,且受到包括性别作用等因素的调节。研究对这些问题进行了系统探讨,并就当前研究不足和未来趋势进行了展望。Creative thinking is an important psychological foundation in advancing not only scientific and technological progresses, but also human society and cultural development. The present work reviewed existing investigations on gender difference in creative thinking and mainly discussed those behavioral differences on convergent thinking and divergent thinking as well as its relevant neural manifestations of gender effect. With regarding to gender difference in divergent thinking, the female exhibited relative advantages; however, the male showed significant gender dominance in convergent thinking. These differences in behavioral performance across two genders might originate from the dissimilar processing advantages of brain hemispheres and could be mediated by several factors such as gender role and personality traits. The present study reviewed the findings on these differences and recommended several directions in future studies.

关 键 词：性别差异 发散思维 聚合思维 神经机制 创造性 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]