病案式以问题为基础学习教学方法在内科学教学中的应用研究  

The applying of problem-based learning in internal medicine education through case studies

作　　者：窦春江[1] 兰咏梅[1] 马薇[1] 马卫红[2] 顾巧玲[1] 贺猛[1] 高滨[1] 裴淑艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学医学院医学技能教研室,兰州730030 [2]西北民族大学医学院护理学教研室,兰州730030

出　　处：《中华医学教育杂志》2015年第3期379-382,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical Education

基　　金：西北民族大学2013年教育教学改革研究项目“《内科学》PBL教学改革”（13JG-1670665155）

摘　　要：目的 探讨病案式以问题为基础学习（problem-based learning,PBL）教学方法在内科学教学中的可行性和应用效果.方法 本研究采用实验对照方法.选取本学院临床医学专业本科80名学生,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各40名学生.实验组采用病案式PBL教学方法,对照组采用传统教学方法.以病例分析的成绩和自制的问卷调查结果作为教学评价.结果 实验组学生在病例分析的总成绩和鉴别诊断部分明显高于对照组学生,P＜0.05,差异存在统计学意义.调查问卷结果显示,实验组学生在教学激发学习兴趣、拓展临床思维、加强团队协作能力等方面的评价均优于对照组,P＜0.05,差异具有统计学有意义.结论 病案式PBL教学方法在内科学教学中收到了良好效果,该方法能够有效激发学生的学习兴趣、调动学生的主动性和积极性、提高学生的各种能力和综合素质,能够促进教学互动,有利于教学质量的提高.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasible measures and applying effects of internal medicine teaching method of problem-based learning（PBL） based on clinical cases.Methods 80 clinical medicine of undergraduate were randomly divided into experimental group （n =40）and control group （n =40）.The experimental group received PBL through case analysis while the control group took completely traditional teaching method.The evaluation approaches included examination,questionnaire.Results There were significant differences in the ability of differential diagnosis and the overall score of clinical case analysis examination.The score of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05）.Students of experimental group believed that PBL based on clinical cases could do better work at raising interest,expanding the clinical thinking and promoting their ability of collaboration.The experimental group was significantly superior to control group in questionnaire（P〈0.05）.Conclusions Problem-based learning（PBL） was used to teach internal medicine through case studies and proved highly effective.PBL efficiently motivates students＇ interest and initiative of learning and this type of teaching is a superior method of improving the ability and overall quality of students.PBL teaching model is superior to the traditional one and can improve teaching quality.

关 键 词：以问题为基础学习 内科学 病例分析 临床思维能力 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] R-4[文化科学—教育学]